Methods For Treating Inflammatory Conditions

Abstract

The present invention relates to compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and formulations comprising tenilsetam or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof that are useful in modulating inflammation. In particular, the compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are useful for treating or preventing a disease or disorder involving inflammation, including, but not limited to, delayed type hypersensitivity and contact hypersensitivity.

1 - 25 . (canceled) 
     
     
         26 . A method of enhancing the appearance of the skin of a human comprising administering to the human in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein:
 X is 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, or phenyl, each unsubstituted, mono-substituted, di-substituted, or tri-substituted with, independently, OH, halogen, C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy, or (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy-(C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl; 
 R 1  and R 4  are, independently, H or C 1 -C 4  alkyl; 
 R 2a  and R 2b  are, independently, H, OH, or C 1 -C 4  alkyl, or, together, R 2a  and R 2b  are C═O; 
 R 3a  and R 3b  are, independently, H, OH, or C 1 -C 4  alkyl, or, together, R 3a  and R 3b  are C═O; and 
 R X  is H, C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy, or (C 1 -C 4 ) alkoxy-(C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl; 
 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound of formula I is administered in the absence of another therapeutic agent; and 
 wherein the enhancement of the appearance of the skin is one or more of increased softness of the skin, increased turgor of the skin, decreased redness, and decreased swelling. 
 
       
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 26  wherein X is 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, or 3-furyl, each unsubstituted, mono-substituted, or di-substituted with, independently, OH, halogen, C 1 -C 4  alkyl, or C 1 -C 4  alkoxy. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 26  wherein X is unsubstituted 2-thienyl or 2-thienyl mono-substituted with OH, halogen, or C 1 -C 4  alkyl. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 26  wherein X is unsubstituted 2-thienyl. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 26  wherein R 1  and R 4  are H or C 1 -C 4  alkyl. 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 26  wherein R 2a  and R 2b  are, independently, H or C 1 -C 4  alkyl, or, together, R 2a  and R 2b  are C═O. 
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 26  wherein R 2a  and R 2b  are both H. 
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 26  wherein R 3a  and R 3b  are, independently, H or C 1 -C 4  alkyl, or, together, R 3a  and R 3b  are C═O. 
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 26  wherein R 3a  and R 3b  are both H. 
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 26  wherein R X  is H, C 1 -C 4  alkyl, or C 1 -C 4  alkoxy. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 26  wherein R X  is H. 
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 26  wherein:
 X is unsubstituted 2-thienyl or 2-thienyl mono-substituted with OH, halogen, or C 1 -C 4  alkyl; 
 R 1  and R 4  are, independently, H or C 1 -C 4  alkyl; 
 R 2a  and R 2b  are, independently, H or OH; 
 R 3a  and R 3b  are, independently, H or OH; and 
 R X  is H. 
 
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 26  wherein:
 X is unsubstituted 2-thienyl or 2-thienyl mono-substituted with OH, halogen, or C 1 -C 4  alkyl; and 
 R 1 , R 4 , R 2a , R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , and R X  are H. 
 
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 26  wherein:
 X is unsubstituted 2-thienyl; and 
 R 1 , R 4 , R 2a , R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , and R X  are H. 
 
     
     
         40 . The method of  claim 26  wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the human topically. 
     
     
         41 . The method of  claim 40  wherein the pharmaceutical composition is applied to the skin as a topical cream, liquid solution, or dispersion. 
     
     
         42 . The method of  claim 40  wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as a bar, liquid, paste, mousse, cream, gel, aerosol, lotion, hair shampoo, hair lotion, beach oil, foam bath, shower bath, alcoholic and aqueous/alcoholic solution, emulsion, wax/fat compound, stick preparation, spray, powder, or ointment. 
     
     
         43 . The method of  claim 40  wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises collagen, hyaluronic acid, elastin, hydrolysate, primrose oil, jojoba oil, epidermal growth factor, soybean saponin, or mucopolysaccharide, or any mixture thereof; or wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a superfatting agent, pearlizing wax, consistency factor, thickener, polymer additive, silicone compound, fat, oil, wax, stabilizer, biogenic agent, deodorizer, anti-dandruff agent, film former, foam stabilizer, electrolyte, swelling agent, UV protection factor, hydrotrope, preservative, bactericide, perfume, dye, pigment, moisturizer and/or humectant, insect repellent, self-tanning agent, solubilizer, germ inhibitor, benofuran derivative, retinoid, or chelating agent. 
     
     
         44 . The method of  claim 26  wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the human orally. 
     
     
         45 . The method of  claim 44  wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as a tablet, lozenge, aqueous or oily suspension, granule, powder, emulsion, capsule, syrup, or elixir.