Dynamic time multiplexing fabrication of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals for increased wavelength sensitivity

Abstract

Described herein is a new holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) medium with broadband reflective properties, and a new technique for fabrication of broadband HPDLC mediums. The new technique involves dynamic variation of the holography setup during HPDLC formation, enabling the broadening of the HPDLC medium's wavelength response. Dynamic variation of the holography setup may include the rotation and/or translation of one or more motorized stages, allowing for time and spatial, or angular, multiplexing through variation of the incident angles of one or more laser beams on a pre-polymer mixture during manufacture. An HPDLC medium manufactured using these techniques exhibits improved optical response by reflecting a broadband spectrum of wavelengths. A new broadband holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal thin film polymeric mirror stack with electrically-switchable beam steering capability is disclosed.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film that reflects a hyperspectral continuum of optical energy within a spectrum of wavelengths, the holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film comprising:
 a continuous polymer phase comprising an thiolene-containing polymer; and   an overlapping liquid crystal layer structure within the continuous polymer phase, the holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film exhibiting:
 a hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths produced by a continuous exposure process exhibiting a uniform reflectance and ranging from a first peak reflective wavelength indicative of a first end of the spectrum to a second peak reflective wavelength greater than the first peak reflective wavelength, the second peak reflective wavelength indicative of a second end of the spectrum, inclusively, wherein:
 each and every point of the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths is indicative of a peak reflectance of a respective wavelength of a respective Bragg reflection grating; 
 the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths between the first and second peak reflective wavelengths having a full width at half maximum (FWHM) in a range of from 15 nm to 100 nm or 100 nm or greater; 
 the holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film exhibits a scattering intensity less than 1×10 −7  dB outside the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths; and 
 the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths is electrically controllable by switching fields of about 15 to 20 Volts per micrometer at switching times of less than 2 milliseconds. 
 
   
     
     
         2 . The holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film of  claim 1 , wherein the holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film comprises a plurality of reflective gratings within the holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film. 
     
     
         3 . A stacked polymeric mirror comprising a plurality of stacked holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal films of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         4 . The stacked polymeric mirror of  claim 3 , wherein at least one of the plurality of reflective gratings is curved. 
     
     
         5 . The stacked polymeric mirror of  claim 4 , wherein the plurality of reflective gratings reflect the hyperspectral continuum of optical energy towards a focal point. 
     
     
         6 . The stacked polymeric mirror of  claim 5 , wherein the focal point is electrically controllable. 
     
     
         7 . The stacked polymeric mirror of  claim 3 , wherein:
 each of the plurality of stacked holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal films reflects the hyperspectral continuum of optical energy towards a respective one of a plurality of focal points, and   the stacked mirror is further electrically controllable to switch reflection of the hyperspectral continuum of optical energy among the plurality of focal points.   
     
     
         8 . The stacked polymeric mirror of  claim 7 , wherein the plurality of focal points comprise an instrument cluster. 
     
     
         9 . The holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film of  claim 1 , in which the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths exhibits a full width at half maximum in a range of 15 nm to 100 nm. 
     
     
         10 . The holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film of  claim 1 , in which the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths exhibits a full width at half maximum of 100 nm or greater. 
     
     
         11 . A method comprising:
 continuously exposing a stationary film comprising a mixture of a continuous photo-polymerizable thiolene-containing pre-polymer phase and a liquid crystal material distributed within the continuous photo-polymerizable thiolene-containing pre-polymer phase to a movable energy beam, while continuously varying an angle of incidence between the movable energy beam and the stationary film throughout a range of angles between a first angle and a second angle, inclusively, over a time, t, wherein:
 the continuous photo-polymerizable thiolene-containing pre-polymer phase has a gelation time upon exposure to the movable energy beam over time, t, that is comparable to the time of the continuously varying of the angle of incidence between the movable energy beam and the stationary film throughout the range of angles; 
 the variation of the angle of incidence is nonlinear; 
   the exposure creating a plurality of interference patterns within the film, each of the plurality of interference patterns corresponding to a respective angle of the range of angles by photo-polymerizing the continuous photo-polymerizable thiolene-containing pre-polymer phase to form a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film comprising a continuous thiolene-containing polymer phase and an overlapping liquid crystal layer structure distributed within the continuous thiolene-containing polymer phase, with the plurality of interference patterns forming a resultant plurality of Bragg reflection gratings in the film, each Bragg reflective grating corresponding to a respective angle within the range of angles of exposure, the resultant plurality of Bragg reflection gratings reflecting a hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths ranging from a first peak reflective wavelength indicative of a first end of the spectrum to a second peak reflective wavelength greater than the first peak reflective wavelength, the second peak reflective wavelength indicative of a second end of the spectrum, wherein each and every point of the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths is indicative of a peak reflectance of a respective wavelength of a respective reflection grating and is electrically controllable by switching fields of about 15 to 20 Volts per micrometer at switching times of less than 2 milliseconds.   
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the angle of incidence between the movable energy beam and the stationary film is continuously varied via at least one of rotation or translation. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the rotation or the translation is with respect to one or more elements of a holography apparatus. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the one or more elements of the holography apparatus comprise at least one of a mirror or a beam splitter. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 11 , further comprising:
 splitting the movable energy beam into a plurality of movable energy beams;   causing the plurality of movable energy beams to be simultaneously incident on the stationary film; and   exposing while continuously varying an angle of incidence between at least one of the plurality of movable energy beams and the stationary film throughout the range of angles between the first angle and the second angle, inclusively.   
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein at least two of the plurality of movable energy beams are counter propagating. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the plurality of interference patterns is created using a prism. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the plurality of interference patterns is created using a mirror. 
     
     
         20 . A holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film that reflects a hyperspectral continuum of optical energy within a spectrum prepared using the method of  claim 11 ; wherein
 the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths between the first and second peak reflective wavelengths has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) in a range of from 15 nm to 100 nm or 100 nm or greater; and   the holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film exhibits a scattering intensity less than 1×10 −7  dB outside the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths.   
     
     
         21 . A holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film that reflects a hyperspectral continuum of optical energy within a spectrum prepared using an operating system comprising:
 a film of polymer dispersed liquid crystal precursor comprising a mixture of a continuous photo-polymerizable thiolene-containing pre-polymer phase and a liquid crystal material distributed within the continuous photo-polymerizable thiolene-containing pre-polymer phase, the film of polymer dispersed liquid crystal precursor having a surface;   an energy beam source initially focused to direct an energy beam at a first angle of incidence to the surface of the film of polymer dispersed liquid crystal precursor;   a stationary sample stage for supporting the film of polymer dispersed liquid crystal precursor; and   at least one dynamically positionable element which comprises at least one of a beam splitter mounted on a respective motorized stage or a mirror mounted on a respective motorized stage; wherein   the operating system, when operating, continuously delivers the energy beam to the film of polymer dispersed liquid crystal precursor, at an angle of incidence between the energy beam generated by the energy beam source and the surface of the film of polymer dispersed liquid crystal precursor that varies continuously and nonlinearly during exposure of the energy beam to the surface from the first angle of incidence to a second angle of incidence over the course of time, t,   wherein the holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal precursor has a gelation time upon exposure to the energy beam that is comparable to time, t, such that   the continuous exposure polymerizes the thiolene-containing pre-polymer to form a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) film comprising a continuous thiolene-containing polymer phase and an overlapping liquid crystal layer structure within the continuous thiolene-containing polymer phase, the HPDLC film further comprising a plurality of Bragg gratings that reflect a hyperspectral continuum of multiple wavelengths of optical energy within a spectrum ranging from a first peak reflective wavelength indicative of a first end of the spectrum to a second peak reflective wavelength, wherein each and every point of the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths is indicative of a peak of a respective wavelength of a respective reflection grating;   wherein the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths between the first and second peak reflective wavelengths has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) in a range of from 15 nm to 100 nm or 100 nm or greater; and   the holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film exhibits a scattering intensity less than 1×10 −7  dB outside the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths.   
     
     
         22 . The holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film of  claim 21 , in which the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths exhibits a full width at half maximum in a range of from 15 nm to 100 nm. 
     
     
         23 . The holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal film of  claim 21 , in which the hyperspectral continuum of peak reflective wavelengths exhibits a full width at half maximum of 100 nm or greater.