Perovskite and other solar cell materials

Abstract

Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, hybrid solar cell-batteries, and other such devices may include an active layer disposed between two electrodes, the active layer having perovskite material and other material such as mesoporous material, interfacial layers, thin-coat interfacial layers, and combinations thereof. The perovskite material may be photoactive. The perovskite material may be disposed between two or more other materials in the photovoltaic device. Inclusion of these materials in various arrangements within an active layer of a photovoltaic device may improve device performance. Other materials may be included to further improve device performance, such as, for example: additional perovskites, and additional interfacial layers.

1 - 30 . (canceled) 
     
     
         31 . A hybrid photovoltaic battery device comprising:
 a first electrode;   a second electrode;   a photovoltaic active layer;   a battery active layer; and   a third electrode disposed between the battery active layer and the photovoltaic active layer.   
     
     
         32 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the first electrode is disposed between and in contact with an encapsulant layer and the photovoltaic active layer. 
     
     
         33 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the second electrode is disposed between and in contact with a substrate layer and the battery active layer. 
     
     
         34 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the photoactive layer and the battery active layer are connected in series by the third electrode. 
     
     
         35 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the photoactive layer and the battery active layer are connected in parallel by the third electrode. 
     
     
         36 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the photoactive layer and the battery active layer are monolithically disposed upon a single substrate. 
     
     
         37 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , further comprising an encapsulant layer comprising epoxy, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethyl-vinyl acetate (EVA), or Parylene C. 
     
     
         38 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the photoactive layer and the battery active layer are thin film layers. 
     
     
         39 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 38 , wherein the photoactive layer and the battery active layer are fabricated by inkjet, die-slot, gravure, and imprint roll-to-roll printing. 
     
     
         40 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the photovoltaic active layer comprises a perovskite material. 
     
     
         41 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the photovoltaic active layer comprises a perovskite material having the formula CMX 3 , wherein C is formamidinium, M is Pb, and wherein X comprises one or more halides. 
     
     
         42 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the photovoltaic active layer comprises a dye sensitized solar cell. 
     
     
         43 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the photovoltaic active layer comprises a BHJ photovoltaic layer. 
     
     
         44 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the photovoltaic active layer comprises a cadmium telluride. 
     
     
         45 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the photovoltaic active layer comprises a copper-indium-gallium-selenide. 
     
     
         46 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the battery active layer comprises a lithium ion battery. 
     
     
         47 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 31 , wherein the battery active layer comprises a zinc air battery. 
     
     
         48 . A hybrid photovoltaic battery device comprising:
 a first electrode;   a second electrode;   a third electrode;   a first photoactive layer;   a second photoactive layer;   a battery layer;   wherein the first electrode is in electrical contact with the first photoactive layer, the second electrode is in electrical contact with the second photoactive layer, and both the first electrode and the second electrode are in electrical contact with the third electrode; and   wherein the third electrode is in electrical contact with a first terminal of the battery layer, and both the first and second electrode are in electrical contact with a second terminal of the battery layer.   
     
     
         49 . The photovoltaic device of  claim 48 , wherein the first and second photovoltaic active layers comprise a perovskite material. 
     
     
         50 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 48 , wherein first and second photovoltaic active layers comprise a perovskite material having the formula CMX 3 , wherein C is formamidinium, M is Pb, and wherein X comprises one or more halides. 
     
     
         51 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 48 , wherein the first and second photovoltaic active layers comprise dye sensitized solar cells. 
     
     
         52 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 48 , wherein the first and second photovoltaic active layers comprise BHJ photovoltaic layers. 
     
     
         53 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 48 , wherein the first and second photovoltaic active layers comprise cadmium telluride. 
     
     
         54 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 48 , wherein the first and second photovoltaic active layers comprise copper-indium-gallium-selenide. 
     
     
         55 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 48 , wherein the battery layer comprises a lithium ion battery. 
     
     
         56 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 48 , wherein the battery layer comprises a zinc air battery. 
     
     
         57 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 48 , wherein the first and second photoactive layers and the battery active layer are connected in parallel by the third electrode. 
     
     
         58 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 48 , wherein the first and second photoactive layers and the battery active layer are connected in series by the third electrode. 
     
     
         59 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 48 , wherein the first and second photoactive layers and the battery active layer are monolithically disposed upon a single substrate. 
     
     
         60 . The hybrid photovoltaic device of  claim 48 , further comprising an encapsulant layer comprising epoxy, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethyl-vinyl acetate (EVA), or Parylene C.