Intraocular lenses for managing glare, adhesion, and cell migration

Abstract

An intraocular lens for providing vision to a subject contains an optic, a support structure coupled to the optic. The intraocular lens also includes a textured surface and/or subsurface layer. The optic is disposed about an optical axis and comprises an anterior surface and an opposing posterior surface, the surfaces being configured to focus light when implanted within an eye having a capsular bag. The textured surface is disposed over a surface portion of the intraocular lens and includes a plurality of periodically-spaced protrusions, each protrusion having a smooth distal face and a sharp corner edge configured to engage a wall of the capsular bag and/or at least one cell disposed along the wall. The subsurface layer is configured to scatter an amount of light that is at least twice the amount of light scattered by portions of the material adjacent the subsurface layer or at least twice the amount of light scattered by another intraocular lens that does not have the subsurface layer, but which is otherwise substantially equivalent.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . An intraocular lens, comprising:
 an optic disposed about an optical axis comprising an anterior surface and an opposing posterior surface, the surfaces configured to focus light when implanted within an eye of a subject;   a support structure coupled to the optic; and   a periphery disposed about the optical axis comprising a single material and including a top surface, a bottom surface, and a subsurface layer disposed therebetween, the subsurface layer configured to scatter an amount of light that is at least twice the amount of light scattered by portions of the material adjacent the subsurface layer or at least twice the amount of light scattered by another intraocular lens that does not have the subsurface layer, but which is otherwise substantially equivalent.   
     
     
         2 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer is circumferentially disposed entirely about a central portion of the optic. 
     
     
         3 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer forms a strip that surrounds the central portion of the optic. 
     
     
         4 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer has a radial width away from the optical axis and a thickness in a direction along the optical axis. 
     
     
         5 . The intraocular lens of  claim 4 , wherein the is greater than about four times the thickness. 
     
     
         6 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer forms a contiguous strip that surrounds the central portion of the optic. 
     
     
         7 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer is disposed within a plane that is orthogonal to the optical axis. 
     
     
         8 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer forms a conic section disposed about the optical axis. 
     
     
         9 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer forms an arcuate surface in a plane containing the optical axis. 
     
     
         10 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer comprises a first layer and a second layer, at least a portion of the second layer disposed directly above the first layer. 
     
     
         11 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer comprises portions of the material having a refractive index that is different from the refractive index of portions of the material adjacent the subsurface layer. 
     
     
         12 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer comprises a plurality of small voids within the material. 
     
     
         13 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer comprises a plurality of discontinuities. 
     
     
         14 . The intraocular lens of  claim 13 , wherein discontinuities are less than about 2 micrometers in diameter. 
     
     
         15 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer is formed by a plasma. 
     
     
         16 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer is formed by laser-induced optical breakdown within the material. 
     
     
         17 . The intraocular lens of  claim 1 , wherein the subsurface layer is formed by a focused beam produced from near infrared, ultra-short pulse of laser light. 
     
     
         18 . An intraocular lens, comprising:
 an optic disposed about an optical axis comprising an anterior surface and an opposing posterior surface, the surfaces configured to focus light when implanted within an eye having a capsular bag;   a support structure coupled to the optic;   a periphery disposed about the optical axis comprising a single material and including a top surface, a bottom surface, and a subsurface layer disposed therebetween, the subsurface layer configured to scatter an amount of light that is at least twice the amount of light scattered by portions of the material adjacent the subsurface layer or at least twice the amount of light scattered by another intraocular lens that does not have the subsurface layer, but which is otherwise substantially equivalent;   a textured surface disposed adjacent the subsurface layer comprising a plurality of periodically-spaced protrusions.   
     
     
         19 . The intraocular lens of  claim 18 , wherein each protrusion comprises a smooth distal face and a sharp corner edge configured to engage a wall of the capsular bag and/or at least one cell disposed along the wall. 
     
     
         20 . The intraocular lens of  claim 18 , further comprising a plurality of channels disposed between adjacent protrusions of the plurality of periodically-spaced protrusions. 
     
     
         21 . The intraocular lens of  claim 18 , wherein the textured surface is configured to form a mono-layer of cells adjacent the textured surface when the intraocular lens is placed in the eye. 
     
     
         22 . The intraocular lens of  claim 18 , wherein the support structure comprises a flexible positioning member coupled to the optic, the flexible positioning member having an outer surface configured to engage the capsular bag so as to produce accommodation in response to an ocular force, the textured surface disposed over at least a portion of the outer surface. 
     
     
         23 . A method of making in intraocular lens, comprising:
 providing an intraocular lens, including:
 an optic disposed about an optical axis comprising an anterior surface and an opposing posterior surface, the surfaces configured to focus light when implanted within an eye of a subject; 
 a support structure coupled to the optic; and 
 a periphery comprising a single material disposed about the optical axis and including a top surface, a bottom surface; 
   forming a subsurface layer between the top surface and the bottom surface that is configured to scatter an amount of light that is at least twice the amount of light scattered by portions of the material adjacent the subsurface layer or at least twice the amount of light scattered by another intraocular lens that does not have the subsurface layer, but which is otherwise substantially equivalent.   
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein forming the substrate comprises focusing laser light to form a localized variation in an index of refraction. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein forming the substrate comprises focusing laser light to produce laser-induced optical breakdown within the single material. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 23 , forming a textured surface disposed over a surface portion of the intraocular lens, the textured surface comprising a plurality of periodically-spaced protrusions. 
     
     
         27 . An intraocular lens, comprising:
 an optic disposed about an optical axis comprising an anterior surface and an opposing posterior surface, the surfaces configured to focus light when implanted within an eye of a subject;   a support structure coupled to the optic; and   a volume comprising a single material;   a subsurface mark disposed within the volume that is configured to scatter an amount of light that is at least twice the amount of light scattered by portions of the volume adjacent the subsurface mark.   
     
     
         28 . The intraocular lens of  claim 27 , wherein the subsurface mark is a symbol. 
     
     
         29 . The intraocular lens of  claim 27 , wherein the subsurface mark comprises one or more alphanumeric characters. 
     
     
         30 . The intraocular lens of  claim 27 , wherein the subsurface mark is configured to show at least one of the orientation of the intraocular lens and the position of the intraocular lens. 
     
     
         31 . The intraocular lens of  claim 27 , wherein the subsurface mark is a reticle.