Compressed decalcified trabecular bone grafts and tooth socket repair

Abstract

A method of preparing a bone graft of compressed dehydrated decalcified trabecular bone may include compressing the bone while hydrated from a first form to a second form such that the bone in the second form is compressed relative to the first form. The bone may be dried while compressed. When dry, the bone substantially retains the second form and does not revert to the first form when the compression is removed.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A dental implant configured for solid osseous repair or reconstitution of a tooth socket comprising:
 a generally cylindrical shaped body defined by an outer surface and extending along a vertical axis, wherein the body is dimensioned to anatomically conform with at least one dimension of a root of a tooth corresponding to a tooth socket to be repaired or reconstructed; and   a surface feature extending along the outer surface, wherein the surface feature comprises one or more grooves and is configured to engage tissue at the tooth socket when the implant is implanted therein;   wherein the implant is configured for rapid healing and is suitable to support a dental prosthesis at the time of implantation.   
     
     
         2 . The dental implant of  claim 1 , wherein the implant comprises a biocompatible material comprising one or both of a biological material and a synthetic material. 
     
     
         3 . The dental implant of  claim 2 , wherein the biocompatible material comprises at least one of a hydrogel and a metal. 
     
     
         4 . The dental implant of  claim 1 , wherein the implant comprises compact cancellous bone or cortical bone allograft or xenograft. 
     
     
         5 . The dental implant of  claim 1 , wherein the implant is impregnated with an anti-infection agent configured to treat or prevent infection. 
     
     
         6 . The dental implant of  claim 1 , wherein the implant comprises perforations defined in the body. 
     
     
         7 . The dental implant of  claim 6 , wherein the perforations are dimensioned to accommodate stem cells or anti-infective agent. 
     
     
         8 . The dental implant of  claim 7 , wherein the perforations are present in a coating on the outer surface of the implant. 
     
     
         9 . The dental implant of  claim 1 , wherein the outer surface comprises a buccal surface portion that is covered with a flexible and pliable collagen membrane. 
     
     
         10 . The dental implant of  claim 1 , wherein the surface feature extends from the outer surface. 
     
     
         11 . The dental implant of  claim 1 , wherein the implant is provided in a kit comprising a plurality of different dental implants. 
     
     
         12 . The dental implant of  claim 1 , wherein the implant is shaped by a tissue bank to comprise the at least one dimension. 
     
     
         13 . The dental implant of  claim 12 , wherein the at least one dimension is determined from an image of the tooth socket prior to shaping. 
     
     
         14 . The dental implant of  claim 11 , wherein the body comprises an aperture extending along the vertical axis configured to receive a post for positioning the prosthesis thereon. 
     
     
         15 . A method of supplying an implant configured for solid osseous repair or reconstitution comprising:
 receiving a measurements of recipient tooth socket to be repaired or reconstituted;   selecting an implant comprising a dimension matched to a size and shape of a tooth root corresponding to the tooth socket, wherein the dimension is determined from measurements taken from a three-dimensional image of the recipient tooth socket to be repaired or reconstituted; and   providing the implant to medical personnel for implantation of the implant into the recipient tooth socket.   
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein selecting further comprises generating a specification comprising the dimension determined from the measurements, and the method further comprises shaping the implant according to the specification. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein shaping comprises using a CNC machine to shape the implant according to the specification. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein receiving comprises receiving measurements comprises receiving the three-dimensional image. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein receiving further comprises receiving a selection of at least one of a material to be included in the implant and a surface feature to be formed on the implant configured to engage tissue at the tooth socket when the implant is implanted therein. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein shaping comprises forming the implant from biocompatible material comprising at least one of a hydrogel and a metal. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein selecting comprises impregnating the implant with an anti-infection agent configured to treat or prevent infection. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein shaping comprises forming the implant from compact cancellous bone or cortical bone, and wherein the implant comprises an allograft or xenograft. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein providing comprises providing the implant in a kit comprising a plurality of different dental implants, wherein each comprising a dimension matched to a size and shape of a tooth root corresponding to a specific tooth socket. 
     
     
         24 . A system for supplying a dental implant for repair or reconstruction of a particular tooth or defect region in a maxilla or mandible, the system comprising:
 an implant determination module configured to receive measurements or an image from which measurements may be determined of a particular tooth or defect region to be repaired or reconstructed, wherein the implant determination module is configured to generate from the measurements an implant specification from which the implant is to be prepared; and   an implant shaping module to shape the implant according to the specification.   
     
     
         25 . The system of  claim 24 , wherein the implant specification specifies a dimension conforming to a root or portion of a tooth socket corresponding to the particular tooth or defect region to be repaired or reconstructed. 
     
     
         26 . The system of  claim 25 , further comprising a reception module configured to receive the image or measurements and provide the image or measurements to the implant determination module. 
     
     
         27 . The system of  claim 25 , wherein the reception module allows a user to indicate a selection of at least one of:
 a material to include in the implant;   a measurement to which the a dimension of the implant is to conform;   at least one surface feature;   a pre- or post-shaping conditioning or treatment;   a support feature configured to support a prosthesis; and   an instrument to which the implant is to be compatible   
     
     
         28 . The system of  claim 25 , wherein the implant specification specifies the selection indicated by the user. 
     
     
         29 . The system of  claim 25 , further comprising a treatment module, wherein the treatment module is configured to treat or condition the implant, wherein the treatment comprises at least one of:
 impregnation with an anti-infection agent;   impregnation with stem cells; and   application of a coating with a flexible and pliable collagen membrane.   
     
     
         30 . The system of  claim 25 , wherein the shaping module is configured to shape the implant from an allograft or xenograft preparation comprising compact cancellous or cortical bone. 
     
     
         31 . The system of  claim 25 , further comprising a delivery module to deliver the implant to the user, wherein the delivery module is configured to deliver the implant as part of kit comprising implantation instruments or at least one additional implant specific for an additional tooth or socket. 
     
     
         32 . The system of  claim 25 , wherein the shaping module is configured to form surface features on an outer surface of the implant, wherein the surface features comprise one or more of:
 perforations;   threads;   grooves; and   smooth contours.   
     
     
         33 . The system of  claim 25 , wherein the shaping module is configured to form the implant from biocompatible material comprising at least one of a hydrogel and a metal. 
     
     
         34 . An instrument for inserting an implant into a tooth socket, the instrument comprising:
 a rod extending along a longitudinal axis and comprising a proximal end and a distal end, the rod comprising a curved portion between the proximal end and the distal;   a screw portion positioned at the distal end of the rod configured to be received within a pre-drilled hole of an implant; and   a lock positioned at the distal end.