Ingenol-3-acylates iii and ingenol-3-carbamates

Abstract

The invention relates to compounds of general formula I wherein R is heteroaryl optionally substituted by R7; or R is heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, optionally substituted by R8; or R is X wherein X is —NR11R12; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or solvates thereof, for use—alone or in combination with one or more other pharmaceutically active compounds—in therapy, for preventing, treating or ameliorating diseases or conditions responsive to stimulation of neutrophil oxidative burst, responsive to stimulation of keratinocyte IL-8 release or responsive to induction of necrosis.

1 . A compound of the general formula I 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R is heteroaryl which may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from R7; 
         or R is heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, wherein said heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl are optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from R8; 
         or R is X; 
         R7 represents halogen, cyano or hydroxyl; 
         or R7 represents (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 4 )-alkenyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl arylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl or (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkylalkyl, wherein said (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 4 )-alkenyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl arylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl or (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkylalkyl are optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from R9; 
         or R7 represents —NRaCORb, —CONRaRb, —COORc, —OCORa, —ORa, —OCONRaRb, —NRaCOORb, —NRaCONRaRb, —NRaSO2NRaRb, —NRaSO2Rb, —SO2NRaRb, —SO2Ra, —S(O)Ra, —SRa or —NRaRb; 
         R9 represents halogen, cyano, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, —NRaCORb, —COORc, —OCORa, —CONRaRb, —OCONRaRb, —NRaCOORb, —NRaCONRaRb, —NRaSO2NRaRb, —NRaSO2Rb, —SO2NRaRb, —SO2Ra, —S(O)Ra, —ORa, —SRa or ═O; 
         R8 represents halogen, cyano or hydroxyl; 
         or R8 represents (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 4 )alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl, wherein said C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 4 )alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from R10; 
         or R8 represents —NRaCORb, —COORc, —OCORa, —CONRaRb, —OCONRaRb, —NRaCOORb, —NRaCONRaRb, —NRaSO2NRaRb, —NRaSO2Rb, —SO2NRaRb, —SO2Ra, —S(O)Ra, —ORa, —SRa, ═O, ═N—ORa, —O—N═CRaRb, NRaRb or —C(O)N(Ra)O—Rb; 
         R10 represents halogen, cyano, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy, hydroxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, cyano(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, —NRaCORb, —COORc, —OCORa, —CONRaRb, —OCONRaRb, —NRaCOORb, —NRaCONRaRb, —NRaSO2NRaRb, —NRaSO2Rb, —SO2NRaRb, —SO2Ra, —S(O)Ra, —ORa, —SRa or ═O; 
         Ra and Rb represents hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, cyano(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl; 
         Rc represents hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C x )alkyl, cyano(C 1 -C x )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl; 
         X represents —NR11R12; 
         wherein R11 and R12 independently represent hydrogen, 
         or 
         wherein R11 and R12 independently represents (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl or (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkenylalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkenyl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl or alkylheterocycloalkyl, wherein said (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl or (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkenylalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkenyl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl or alkylheterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from R13; 
         R13 represents halogen, cyano or hydroxyl, 
         or R13 represents (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 4 )alkenyl, aryl, (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, wherein said (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 4 )alkenyl, aryl, (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from R14, 
         or R13 represents —NRdCORe, —COORf, —OCORd, —CONRdRe, —OCONRdRe, —NRdCOORe, —NRdCONRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, —NRdSO2NRdRe, —SO2NRdRe, —SO2Rd, —S(O)Rd, —ORd, —SRd, ═O, ═N—ORd, —O—N═CRdRe, —NRdRe or —C(O)N(Rd)-ORe 
         wherein Rd and Re independently represents hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, cyano(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl; 
         Rf represents hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, cyano(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl; 
         R14 represents halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy, hydroxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, cyano(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, —NRdCORe, —COORf, —OCORd, —CONRdRe, —OCONRdRe, —NRdCOORe, —NRdCONRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, —NRdSO2NRdRe, —SO2NRdRe, —SO2Rd, —S(O)Rd, —ORd, —SRd or ═O; 
         and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, hydrates and solvates thereof. 
       
     
     
         2 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein R is heteroaryl which may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from R7,
 or R is heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, each of which may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from R8;   R7 represents halogen, cyano, hydroxyl;   or R7 represents (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 4 )-alkenyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from R9;   or R7 represents —NRaCORb, —CONRaRb, —COORc, —OCORa, —ORa, —OCONRaRb, —NRaCOORb, —NRaCONRaRb, —NRaSO2NRaRb, —NRaSO2Rb, —SO2NRaRb, —SO2Ra, —S(O)Ra, —SRa;   R9 represents halogen, cyano, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, —NRaCORb, —COORc, —OCORa, —CONRaRb, —OCONRaRb, —NRaCOORb, —NRaCONRaRb, —NRaSO2NRaRb, —NRaSO2Rb, —SO2NRaRb, —SO2Ra, —S(O)Ra, —ORa, —SRa, ═O;   R8 represents halogen, cyano, hydroxyl;   or R8 represents (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 2 -C 4 )alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from R10,   or R8 represents —NRaCORb, —COORc, —OCORa, —CONRaRb, —OCONRaRb, —NRaCOORb, —NRaCONRaRb, —NRaSO2NRaRb, —NRaSO2Rb, —SO2NRaRb, —SO2Ra, —S(O)Ra, —ORa, —SRa, ═O;   R10 represents halogen, cyano, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, —NRaCORb, —COORc, —OCORa, —CONRaRb, —OCONRaRb, —NRaCOORb, —NRaCONRaRb, —NRaSO2NRaRb, —NRaSO2Rb, —SO2NRaRb, —SO2Ra, —S(O)Ra, —ORa, —SRa, ═O;   Ra and Rb represents hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, cyano(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl;   Rc represents (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, cyano(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl.   
     
     
         3 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein R is heteroaryl. 
     
     
         4 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein heteroaryl is isoxazolyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, indolyl, furyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, indazolyl, cinnolyl, 1,2-benzoxazolyl, imidazothiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, pyrrolyl, isothiazolyl, tetrahydroindazolyl or oxadiazolyl. 
     
     
         5 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein R7 is independently selected one or more times from the group of (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 4 )alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkylalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl —COORc, —ORa or halogen. 
     
     
         6 . A compound according to  claim 5 , wherein R7 is selected from phenyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, piperidyl, tert-butyloxycarbonyl, benzyl, tetrahydropyranylmethyl, —OCH 3 , cyclopropyl, allyl, cyclopropylmethyl, Cl, Br or I. 
     
     
         7 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein R9 is halogen, —ORa, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl or —SO2Ra. 
     
     
         8 . A compound according to  claim 7 , wherein R9 is Cl, F, —OCH 3 , methyl or methylsulfonyl. 
     
     
         9 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein R is heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl. 
     
     
         10 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl is pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, 5-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl, oxaspiro[4.5]dec-1-enyl, oxo-thiazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl, oxo-pyranyl, azepanyl, azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanyl, benzoxazinyl, quinoxalinyl, isoindolinyl, dihydroquinolinyl, indolinyl or dihydroquinoxalinyl. 
     
     
         11 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein R8 is (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, aryl or ═O. 
     
     
         12 . A compound according to  claim 11 , wherein R8 is methyl, phenyl or ═O. 
     
     
         13 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein R10 represents halogen. 
     
     
         14 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein R is —NR11R12. 
     
     
         15 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein R11 and R12 independently represents hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl or (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl. 
     
     
         16 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein R11 and R12 independently represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, phenyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl, indanyl, tetralinyl, phenylethyl, cyclopropylmethyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolylmethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropyl, pyridyl, piperidyl, tetrahydropyranylmethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, cyclobutyl, allyl, propynyl or thiazolyl. 
     
     
         17 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein R13 represents (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, cyano, halogen, ═O, —ORa or —COORf. 
     
     
         18 . A compound according to  claim 17 , wherein R13 represents methyl, cyano, F, ═O, —OCH 3  or —COOC(CH 3 ) 3 . 
     
     
         19 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein R11 or R12 independently represent hydrogen. 
     
     
         20 . A compound according to  claim 1  said compound being selected from the group consisting of:
 Ingenol 3-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(5-methyl-3-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1S-camphanate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-phenyltriazole-4-carboxylate, 
 Ingenol 3-(2-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylate, 
 Ingenol 3-(1-methylindazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-ethyl-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-methyl-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-methylindole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-phenylthiophene-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(5-phenylisoxazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-ethyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N,N-dimethyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(morpholine-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-phenyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N,N-diethyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(piperidine-1-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-benzyl-N-methyl-carbamate), 
   
 Ingenol 3-(N-cyclohexyl-N-methyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-cyclohexyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-phenyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-(indan-1-yl)-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3,3-dimethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-Methyl-N-tetralin-1-yl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-(2-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl)-N-methyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-((S)-1-phenethyl)-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-carbamate, 
 Ingenol 3-(isoquinoline-1-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(quinoline-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(cinnoline-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-phenylimidazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(5-phenyloxazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1,2-benzoxazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-isopropyl-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(4-bromo-2-ethyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(4-chloro-2-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(5-bromopyrimidine-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-bromopyridine-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(5-methylthiazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2,4-dimethylthiazole-5-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2,5-dimethyloxazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2,4-dimethylfuran-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3,5-diethylisoxazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-N-methyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-(2,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)-N-methyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1H-indole-7-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2-tert-butyl-5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(5-tert-butyl-2-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2,4,5-trimethylfuran-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-methylthiophene-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2-methyl-4-(1-piperidyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2-chloro-5-isopropyl-thiazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1,2,4-trimethylpyrrole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1,3,5-trimethylpyrrole-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrrole-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3,3-dimethylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-((2S)-1-phenylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-isopropyl-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(5-ethyl-3-isopropyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2-methylindazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(5-methyl-3-tert-butyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2-methyl-3-oxo-4-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-1-ene-1-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3,5-dimethylisothiazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(5-iodo-3-methylsothiazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(4-(2-methylphenyl)-2-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2-methyl-4-phenyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-pyrazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-pyrazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-benzyl-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3,5-dimethyl-1-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylmethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(4-methyl-2-oxo-3H-thiazole-5-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1,2-dimethylindole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(5-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-indole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2-methoxy-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(4,5-dimethylisoxazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(4-bromo-1-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1,3-dimethylindole-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(5-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-indole-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-pyran-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-methyl-3-phenyl-indole-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1,3-dimethylpyrrole-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3,5-dimethyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-cyclopropyl-2,5-dimethyl-pyrrole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1,2,5-trimethylpyrrole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1,5-dimethylpyrrole-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-cyclopropylpyrrole-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-pyrrole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-allyl-2,4-dimethyl-pyrrole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pyrrole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pyrrole-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N-methyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-(1,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-yl)-N-methyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-cyclopentyl-N-methyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-cyclopropyl-N-methyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-(2-pyridyl)-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(4-oxo-2,3-dihydroquinoline-1-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoline-1-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(indoline-1-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(azepane-1-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-methyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-N-methyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-(2-methyl-phenyl)-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-oxo-2,4-dihydroquinoxaline-1-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-ethyl-N-phenyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2-trifluoromethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-3-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazine-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-N-methyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazine-4-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(2-trifluoromethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate) (ISOMER A), 
 Ingenol 3-(2-trifluoromethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate) (ISOMER B), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-(N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-4-piperidyl)-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-(3-methyl-phenyl)-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoxaline-1-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(isoindoline-2-carboxylate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylmethyl)-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-cyclobutyl-N-methyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-allyl-N-methyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-prop-2-ynyl-carbamate), 
 Ingenol 3-(N-methyl-N-(4-methylthiazol-2-yl)-carbamate) or 
 Ingenol 3-(N-(4-cyano-phenyl)-N-methyl-carbamate). 
 
     
     
         21 . A method of preventing, treating, amelioration or prophylaxis of physiological disorders or diseases associated with hyperplasia or neoplasia by administration to a subject in need thereof a compound according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         22 . The method according to  claim 21 , wherein the disorder or disease is selected from cutaneous warts, genital warts, actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), lentigo maligna, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, anal intraepithelial neoplasia or vulva intraepithelial neoplasia. 
     
     
         23 . A method of treatment or amelioration of cosmetic indications by administration to a subject in need thereof a compound according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         24 . The method according to  claim 23 , wherein the cosmetic indication is selected from photodamaged skin or seborrheic keratosis. 
     
     
         25 . A method of preventing, treating, amelioration or prophylaxis of physiological disorders or diseases responsive to stimulation of neutrophil oxidative burst by administration to a subject in need thereof a compound according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         26 . A method of preventing, treating, amelioration or prophylaxis of physiological disorders or diseases responsive to stimulation of keratinocyte IL-8 release by administration to a subject in need thereof a compound according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         27 . A method of preventing, treating, amelioration or prophylaxis of physiological disorders or diseases responsive to responsive to induction of necrosis by administration to a subject in need thereof a compound according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         28 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to  claim 1  or a pharmaceutically acceptable stereoisomer, salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof together with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or excipient. 
     
     
         29 . A pharmaceutical composition according to  claim 28 , wherein the composition is suitable for topical administration.