Flooded lead-acid battery and method of making the same

Abstract

Positive active material pastes for flooded deep discharge lead-acid batteries, methods of making the same and lead-acid batteries including the same are provided. The positive active material paste includes lead oxide, a sulfate additive, and an aqueous acid. The positive active material paste contains from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt % of the sulfate additive. Batteries using such positive active material pastes exhibit greatly improved performance over batteries with conventional positive active material pastes.

1 .- 20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . A method for making a positive plate for a flooded lead-acid battery comprising:
 casting a positive electrode grid from a lead-antimony alloy;   applying a positive active material paste directly to the cast positive electrode grid, the positive active material paste comprising lead oxide, a binder, and tin sulfate, wherein the tin sulfate is present the positive active material paste in an amount from about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % on a dry basis.   
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 21  wherein the tin sulfate is present in the positive active material paste in an amount from about 0.15 wt % to about 0.2 wt % on a dry basis. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 21  wherein the tin sulfate is present in the positive active material paste in an amount of about 0.18 wt % on a dry basis. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 21  wherein the lead-antimony alloy comprises between about 2 wt % and 6 wt % of antimony.