System to detect lead location from medical image

Abstract

An external control system for use with a neurostimulation device and at least one neurostimulation lead implanted within the tissue of a patient is provided. The external control system comprises a user interface configured for receiving input from a user, output circuitry configured for communicating with the neurostimulation device, and control/processing circuitry configured for receiving a medical image of the neurostimulation lead(s) relative to an anatomical structure, processing the medical image to detect the location of the neurostimulation lead(s) relative to the anatomical structure, generating a set of stimulation parameters based on the user input and the detected location of the neurostimulation lead(s) relative to the anatomical structure, and directing the output circuitry to transmit instructions to the neurostimulation device to convey electrical stimulation energy in accordance with the stimulation parameter set.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A system, comprising:
 a user interface configured to receive a user input;   control/processing circuitry configured to:
 receive images in real-time during a surgical procedure including a medical image of the at least one neurostimulation lead relative to an anatomical structure; 
 process the medical image to detect a location of the at least one neurostimulation lead relative to the anatomical structure; and 
 use both the user input and the detected location to generate a set of stimulation parameters that control electrical energy delivered from the at least one neurostimulation lead. 
   
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the medical image is a fluoroscopic image or a static X-ray image, the system further comprising communication circuitry configured to receive the medical image from a machine that created the medical image. 
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the set of stimulation parameters includes electrode combinations that define electrodes on the lead that are activated, and that further define the activated electrode(s) that function as an anode and the activated electrode(s) that function as a cathode, and further fractional electrode combinations that define a percentage of stimulation energy assigned to each electrode. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the anatomical structure includes a spinal column, and the control/processing circuitry is configured to process the medical image to detect a location of the at least one neurostimulation lead relative to vertebral segments, including linearly interpolate between vertebral segments to determine the location of the at least one neurostimulation lead. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the control/processing circuitry is configured use a reference point on the at least one neurostimulation lead to detect the location of the at least one neurostimulation lead relative to vertebral segments. 
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the control/processing circuitry is further configured identify locations of two or more neurostimulation leads relative to each other, or identify a tilt angle of the at least one neural stimulation lead relative to a midline of a spinal column. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the control/processing circuitry and the user interface are configured to cooperate to display a graphical representation of the at least one neurostimulation lead relative to a representation of the anatomical structure. 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the control/processing circuitry is configured for processing the medical image using an image segmentation and pattern recognition technique. 
     
     
         9 . A method of operating an external system having a user interface and control/processing circuitry, the method comprising:
 receiving a user input using the user interface;   using the control/processing circuitry to:
 receive images in real-time during a surgical procedure including a medical image of the at least one neurostimulation lead relative to an anatomical structure; 
 detect a location of the at least one neurostimulation lead relative to the anatomical structure; and 
 generate a set of stimulation parameters using both the received user input and the detected location for controlling electrical energy delivered from the at least one neurostimulation lead. 
   
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the set of stimulation parameters includes a fractionalized current distribution to electrodes on the at least one neurostimulation lead. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 9 , further comprising communicating the set of stimulation parameters from the external system to an implanted neurostimulator for use by the implanted neurostimulator to control electrical energy delivered from the at least one neurostimulation lead. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the using the control/processing circuitry to detect the location includes processing the medical image using an image segmentation and pattern recognition technique. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 9 , further comprising display a graphical representation of the at least one neurostimulation lead relative to a representation of the anatomical structure. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the receive images in real-time during the surgical procedure includes communicate with a fluoroscopy machine or an X-ray machine during the surgical procedure and the detect the location of the at least one neurostimulation lead relative to the anatomical structure includes linearly interpolating between vertebral segments. 
     
     
         15 . A non-transitory machine-readable medium including instructions, which when executed by a machine, cause the machine to:
 receive a user input;   receive images in real-time during a surgical procedure including a medical image of the at least one neurostimulation lead relative to an anatomical structure;   detect a location of the at least one neurostimulation lead relative to the anatomical structure; and   generate a set of stimulation parameters using both the received user input and the detected location for controlling electrical energy delivered from the at least one neurostimulation lead.   
     
     
         16 . The non-transitory machine-readable medium of  claim 15 , wherein the set of stimulation parameters includes a fractionalized current distribution to electrodes on the at least one neurostimulation lead. 
     
     
         17 . The non-transitory machine-readable medium of  claim 15 , wherein the instructions includes instructions, which when executed by the machine, cause the machine to communicate the set of stimulation parameters from the external system to an implanted neurostimulator for use by the implanted neurostimulator to control electrical energy delivered from the at least one neurostimulation lead. 
     
     
         18 . The non-transitory machine-readable medium of  claim 15 , wherein the instructions includes instructions, which when executed by the machine, cause the machine to process the medical image using an image segmentation and pattern recognition technique to detect the location. 
     
     
         19 . The non-transitory machine-readable medium of  claim 15 , wherein the instructions includes instructions, which when executed by the machine, cause the machine to display a graphical representation of the at least one neurostimulation lead relative to a representation of the anatomical structure. 
     
     
         20 . The non-transitory machine-readable medium of  claim 17 , wherein the instructions includes instructions, which when executed by the machine, cause the machine to linearly interpolating between vertebral segments to detect the location.