Fluids for Extreme Pressure and Wear Applications

Abstract

Provided are compositions, additives for forming compositions, methods of operating apparatus in fluid communication with the compositions, and apparatus comprising the compositions. For example, the composition may include a polyalphaolefin component of from about 95% to about 99.5% w/w. The composition may include an additive component. The additive component may include an anti-wear agent. The anti-wear agent may be from about 0.1% to about 2% w/w. The anti-wear component may be characterized by an acid value of at least about 1 mg KOH/g. The additive component may include an aryl amine antioxidant agent, an anti-rust agent, and a metal deactivator agent. The composition may be characterized by a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least about 5 centiStokes, a viscosity index of at least about 80, and an acid value in mg KOH/g of between about 0.1 and about 1.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A composition, comprising:
 a polyalphaolefin component in a percentage, w/w of the composition, of from about 95% to about 99.5%; and   an additive component, comprising:
 an anti-wear agent in a percentage, w/w of the composition, of from about 0.1% to about 2%, the anti-wear component characterized by an acid value of at least about 1 mg KOH/g; 
 an aryl amine antioxidant agent; 
 an anti-rust agent; and 
 a metal deactivator agent; 
   
       the composition being characterized by:
 a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least about 5 centiStokes; 
 a viscosity index of at least about 80; and 
 an acid value in mg KOH/g of between about 0.1 and about 1. 
 
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 , comprising the additive component, in a percentage, w/w of the composition, of from about 0.5% to about 5%. 
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 1 , the anti-wear agent comprising a partly esterified phosphate ester. 
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 1 , the anti-wear agent comprising one or more of: a C 3 -C 6  alkylated triarylphosphate, a C 4 -C 18  alkyl phosphate, a diarylether phosphate ester and a diarylether phosphate diester diphosphate. 
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 1 , comprising the aryl amine antioxidant in a percentage, w/w of the composition, of from about 0.1% to about 2%. 
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 1 , one or more of:
 the aryl amine antioxidant comprising one or more of: a phenyl alpha naphthyl amine and an alkylated phenyl alpha naphthyl amine;   the anti-rust agent comprising an alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid ester; and   the metal deactivator agent comprising a tolyl triazole derivative.   
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 1 , the anti-rust agent comprising an alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid ester, the anti-rust agent and the metal deactivator agent each being independently present in a percentage, w/w of the composition, of from about 0.025% to about 0.15%. 
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 1 , characterized by one of:
 (a) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. in centiStokes of between about 10 and about 20; a viscosity index of between about 150 and about 250; and an acid value in mg KOH/g of between about 0.2 and about 0.6;   (b) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. in centiStokes of between about 5 and about 8; a viscosity index of between about 100 and about 225; and an acid value in mg KOH/g of between about 0.2 and about 0.6;   (c) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. in centiStokes of between about 8 and about 10; a viscosity index of between about 150 and about 250; and an acid value in mg KOH/g of between about 0.2 and about 0.6; and   (d) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. in centiStokes of between about 10 and about 13; a viscosity index of between about 150 and about 250; and an acid value in mg KOH/g of between about 0.2 and about 0.6.   
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 1 , the composition characterized upon testing under ASTM D4638 for 72 h at 175° C., by at least one of:
 a decrease in acid value; and 
 an increase in viscosity. 
 
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 1 , characterized by a Wedeven Associates Machine load stage failure test rating value (WAM value) of about the same or greater compared to a WAM value measured under the same test conditions for at least one of:
 2190-TEP;   a first test formulation of the composition in which the anti-wear agent is replaced by a low acid number anti-wear agent characterized by an acid value of less than 1 mg KOH/g;   a second test formulation of the composition in which the anti-wear agent substantially comprises a methylated triarylphosphate;   a third test formulation of the composition that substantially excludes a partly esterified phosphate ester;   a fourth test formulation of the composition that substantially excludes the aryl amine antioxidant; and   a fifth test formulation of the composition that substantially excludes an alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid ester.   
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 1 , characterized by a rotating bomb oxidation test value (RBOT value) of about the same or greater compared to a RBOT value measured under the same test conditions for at least one of:
 2190-TEP;   a first test formulation of the composition in which the anti-wear agent is replaced by a low acid number anti-wear agent characterized by an acid value of less than 1 mg KOH/g;   a second test formulation of the composition in which the anti-wear agent substantially comprises a methylated triarylphosphate;   a third test formulation of the composition that substantially excludes a partly esterified phosphate ester;   a fourth test formulation of the composition that substantially excludes the aryl amine antioxidant; and   a fifth test formulation of the composition that substantially excludes an alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid ester.   
     
     
         12 . An additive composition for a lubricant or functional fluid, comprising:
 an anti-wear agent in a percentage, w/w of the additive composition, of from about 10% to about 30%, the anti-wear component characterized by an acid value of at least about 1 mg KOH/g;   an aryl amine antioxidant agent, in a percentage, w/w of the additive composition, of from about 10% to about 30%;   an aryl amine antioxidant agent, in a percentage, w/w of the additive composition, of from about 10% to about 30%;   an alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid ester anti-rust agent; and   a tolyl triazole derivative metal deactivator agent.   
     
     
         13 . The additive composition of  claim 14 , the anti-wear agent comprising a partly esterified phosphate ester. 
     
     
         14 . The additive composition of  claim 14 , the anti-wear agent comprising one or more of: a C 3 -C 6  alkylated triarylphosphate, a C 4 -C 18  alkyl phosphate, a diarylether phosphate ester and a diarylether phosphate diester diphosphate. 
     
     
         15 . The additive composition of  claim 14 , characterized by the anti-rust agent and the aryl amine antioxidant agent being present in substantially equal amounts. 
     
     
         16 . The additive composition of  claim 14 , characterized by the anti-wear agent and the metal deactivator agent being present in substantially equal amounts. 
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 1 , the aryl amine antioxidant comprising one or more of: a phenyl alpha naphthyl amine and an alkylated phenyl alpha naphthyl amine. 
     
     
         18 . A method of operating an apparatus using a fluid composition, comprising placing a plurality of components of the apparatus in fluid communication with the fluid composition, the fluid composition comprising:
 a polyalphaolefin component in a percentage, w/w of the composition, of from about 95% to about 99.5%; and   an additive component, comprising:
 an anti-wear agent in a percentage, w/w of the composition, of from about 0.1% to about 2%, the anti-wear component characterized by an acid value of at least about 1 mg KOH/g; 
 an aryl amine antioxidant agent; 
 an anti-rust agent; and 
 a metal deactivator agent; 
   
       the composition being characterized by:
 a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least about 5 centiStokes; 
 a viscosity index of at least about 80; and 
 an acid value in mg KOH/g of between about 0.1 and about 1. 
 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 18 , comprising upon operating the apparatus with the fluid composition, causing in the fluid composition one or more of:
 a decrease in acid value; and   an increase in viscosity.   
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 18 , the apparatus comprised by a submarine, a ship, or a windmill.