Tin-indium based low temperature solder alloy

Abstract

A lead-free solder alloy having a low melting temperature and low yield strength is disclosed. The solder alloy includes 5.0-20.0 wt. % of indium (In), 1.0-5.0 wt. % of silver (Ag), 0.25-2.0 wt. % of copper (Cu), 0.1-0.5 wt. % of zinc (Zn), and a remainder of tin (Sn). In implementations, a sulfur compound may be included in a concentration of 100 ppm to 500 ppm in the alloy to prevent oxidation of zinc and indium on the surface of the alloy. The solder alloy is particularly useful for but not limited to solder on pad applications in first level interconnect semiconductor device packaging.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A solder alloy, comprising:
 greater than 12.0 wt. % to 15.0 wt. % In;   1.0-5.0 wt. % of Ag;   0.25-2.0 wt. % of Cu;   0.1-0.5 wt. % of Zn; and   greater than 80.0 wt. % of Sn.   
     
     
         2 . The solder alloy of  claim 1 , wherein a solidus temperature of the solder alloy is 160° C. or more, and wherein a liquidus temperature of the solder alloy is 210° C. or less. 
     
     
         3 . The solder alloy of  claim 2 , wherein the solidus temperature of the solder alloy is 180° C. or more, and wherein the liquidus temperature of the solder alloy is 205° C. or less. 
     
     
         4 . The solder alloy of  claim 1 , wherein the solder alloy comprises 2.0 wt. % to 3.8 wt. % Ag. 
     
     
         5 . The solder alloy of  claim 4 , wherein the solder alloy comprises 0.5 wt. % to 1.0 wt. % Cu. 
     
     
         6 . The solder alloy of  claim 5 , wherein the solder alloy comprises 0.1 wt. % to 0.25 wt. % Zn. 
     
     
         7 . The solder alloy of  claim 1 , further comprising: a Cu 2 S or CuS sulfur compound, wherein the sulfur compound is present in the solder alloy in a concentration of 100 ppm to 500 ppm. 
     
     
         8 . The solder alloy of  claim 1 , comprising:
 greater than 12.0 wt. % to 15.0 wt. % In;   2.0-3.8 wt. % of Ag;   0.5-1.0 wt. % of Cu;   0.1-0.25 wt. % of Zn; and   a remainder of Sn.   
     
     
         9 . The solder alloy of  claim 1 , comprising:
 a sulfur compound having a concentration of 100 ppm to 500 ppm in the solder alloy;   greater than 12.0 wt. % to 15.0 wt. % In;   1.0-5.0 wt. % of Ag;   0.25-2.0 wt. % of Cu;   0.1-0.5 wt. % of Zn; and   a remainder of Sn.   
     
     
         10 . The solder alloy of  claim 1 , wherein the solder alloy has a yield strength between 15 MPa and 40 MPa. 
     
     
         11 . A solder joint formed by a process of:
 placing a soldering material onto a substrate, wherein the soldering material comprises a solder alloy; and   reflow soldering the substrate to form the solder joint;   wherein the solder alloy comprises:
 5.0-20.0 wt. % of In; 
 1.0-5.0 wt. % of Ag; 
 0.25-2.0 wt. % of Cu; 
 0.1-0.5 wt. % of Zn; and 
 greater than 80.0 wt. % of Sn, 
 wherein the solder alloy has a yield strength between 15 MPa and 40 MPa. 
   
     
     
         12 . The solder joint of  claim 11 , wherein a solidus temperature of the solder alloy is 160° C. or more, and wherein a liquidus temperature of the solder alloy is 210° C. or less. 
     
     
         13 . The solder joint of  claim 12 , wherein the solidus temperature of the solder alloy is 180° C. or more, and wherein the liquidus temperature of the solder alloy is 205° C. or less. 
     
     
         14 . The solder joint of  claim 11 , wherein the solder alloy comprises 10.0 wt. % to 15.0 wt. % In. 
     
     
         15 . The solder joint of  claim 14 , wherein the solder alloy comprises greater than 12.0 wt. % to 15.0 wt. % In. 
     
     
         16 . The solder joint of  claim 14 , wherein the solder alloy comprises 2.0 wt. % to 3.8 wt. % Ag and 0.5 wt. % to 1.0 wt. % Cu. 
     
     
         17 . The solder joint of  claim 16 , wherein the solder alloy comprises 0.1 wt. % to 0.25 wt. % Zn. 
     
     
         18 . The solder joint of  claim 11 , the solder alloy further comprising: a Cu 2 S or CuS sulfur compound, wherein the sulfur compound is present in the solder alloy in a concentration of 100 ppm to 500 ppm. 
     
     
         19 . The solder joint of  claim 11 , wherein the solder alloy comprises:
 5.0-20.0 wt. % of In;   1.0-5.0 wt. % of Ag;   0.25-2.0 wt. % of Cu;   0.1-0.5 wt. % of Zn; and   a remainder of Sn.   
     
     
         20 . The solder joint of  claim 11 , wherein the solder alloy comprises:
 a sulfur compound having a concentration of 100 ppm to 500 ppm in the solder alloy;   10.0-15.0 wt. % of In;   2.0-3.8 wt. % of Ag;   0.5-1.0 wt. % of Cu;   0.1-0.25 wt. % of Zn; and   a remainder of Sn.   
     
     
         21 . A solder alloy, comprising:
 5.0-20.0 wt. % of In;   1.0-5.0 wt. % of Ag;   0.25-2.0 wt. % of Cu;   0.1-0.5 wt. % of Zn; and   greater than 80.0 wt. % of Sn.   wherein the solder alloy has a yield strength between 15 MPa and 40 MPa.   
     
     
         22 . The solder alloy of  claim 21 , wherein a solidus temperature of the solder alloy is 160° C. or more, and wherein a liquidus temperature of the solder alloy is 210° C. or less. 
     
     
         23 . The solder of  claim 22 , wherein the solidus temperature of the solder alloy is 180° C. or more, and wherein the liquidus temperature of the solder alloy is 205° C. or less. 
     
     
         24 . The solder alloy of  claim 21 , wherein the yield strength of the solder alloy is between 16 MPa and 22 MPa. 
     
     
         25 . The solder alloy of  claim 21 , comprising:
 a sulfur compound having a concentration of 100 ppm to 500 ppm in the solder alloy;   5.0-20.0 wt. % of In;   1.0-5.0 wt. % of Ag;   0.25-2.0 wt. % of Cu;   0.1-0.5 wt. % of Zn; and   a remainder of Sn.   
     
     
         26 . The solder alloy of  claim 21 , comprising:
 10.0 wt. % to 15.0 wt. % In;   2.0-3.8 wt. % of Ag;   0.5-1.0 wt. % of Cu;   0.1-0.25 wt. % of Zn; and   a remainder of Sn.   
     
     
         27 . The solder alloy of  claim 21 , comprising:
 a sulfur compound having a concentration of 100 ppm to 500 ppm in the solder alloy;   10.0 wt. % to 15.0 wt. % In;   2.0-3.8 wt. % of Ag;   0.5-1.0 wt. % of Cu;   0.1-0.25 wt. % of Zn; and   a remainder of Sn.