Fluid composition, refrigerant composition and air conditioner

Abstract

To provide a fluid composition and a refrigerant composition having flammability suppressed; and an air conditioner in which restrictions in order to inhibit combustion of the refrigerant composition are reduced and it is thereby possible to omit or simplify measures for inhibiting combustion of the refrigerant composition. The fluid composition is either a composition (I) comprising at least one component (A) selected from the group consisting of alkanes, halogenated alkanes and alkenes and at least one component (B) selected from halogenated alkenes, or a composition (II) (excluding the composition (I)) comprising two or more ingredients (B) selected from halogenated alkenes. The fluid composition has a combustion inhibiting effect as defined by −100×{(measured maximum burning velocity)−(estimated maximum burning velocity)}/(estimated maximum burning velocity), of at least 10%.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A fluid composition being a composition (I) comprising at least one component (A) selected from the group consisting of alkanes (which may, if having two or more carbon atoms, have an etheric oxygen atom), halogenated alkanes (which may, if having two or more carbon atoms, have an etheric oxygen atom) and alkenes (which may, if having three or more carbon atoms, have an etheric oxygen atom), and at least one component (B) selected from halogenated alkenes (which may, if having three or more carbon atoms, have an etheric oxygen atom), or a composition (II) (excluding the composition (I)) comprising at least two components (B) selected from halogenated alkenes (which may, if having three or more carbon atoms, have an etheric oxygen atom), wherein
 the combustion inhibiting effect as defined by the following formula (1) is at least 10%,   
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     ɛ 
                     = 
                     
                       
                         - 
                         100 
                       
                       × 
                       
                         
                           
                             S 
                             
                               u 
                               , 
                               max 
                               , 
                               blend 
                             
                           
                           - 
                           
                             S 
                             
                               u 
                               , 
                               max 
                               , 
                               blend 
                               , 
                               calc 
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           S 
                           
                             u 
                             , 
                             max 
                             , 
                             blend 
                             , 
                             calc 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     1 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       where ε (%) is a combustion inhibiting effect, S u,max,blend  is the maximum value among measured values of the burning velocity in each equivalence ratio, and S u,max,blend,calc  is the maximum value among estimated values of the burning velocity in each equivalence ratio obtainable by the following formula (2), 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         S 
                         
                           u 
                           , 
                           blend 
                           , 
                           calc 
                         
                       
                        
                       
                         ( 
                         φ 
                         ) 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       1 
                       
                         
                           ∑ 
                           
                             i 
                             = 
                             1 
                           
                           n 
                         
                          
                         
                           
                             α 
                             i 
                           
                           
                             
                               S 
                               
                                 u 
                                 , 
                                 i 
                               
                             
                              
                             
                               ( 
                               φ 
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     2 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       where S u,blend,calc  (φ) is an estimated value of the burning velocity in each equivalence ratio φ, n is the number of types of combustible components contained in the fluid composition, S u,i  (φ) is the measured value of the burning velocity of the i-th combustible component, α i  is the energy fraction of the i-th combustible component obtainable by the following formula (3). 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       α 
                       i 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         Δ 
                          
                         
                             
                         
                          
                         
                           
                             H 
                             
                               c 
                               , 
                               i 
                             
                           
                           · 
                           
                             x 
                             i 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           ∑ 
                           
                             i 
                             = 
                             1 
                           
                           n 
                         
                          
                         
                           Δ 
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           
                             
                               H 
                               
                                 c 
                                 , 
                                 i 
                               
                             
                             · 
                             
                               x 
                               i 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     3 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       where ΔH c,i  is the heat of combustion of the i-th combustible component, and x i  is the mole fraction of the i-th combustible component. 
     
     
         2 . The fluid composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the component (A) is a component selected from the group consisting of C 1-6  alkanes, C 1-6  halogenated alkanes and C 2-6  alkenes. 
     
     
         3 . The fluid composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the component (A) is a component selected from the group consisting of C 1-3  alkanes, C 1-3  halogenated alkanes and C 2-3  alkenes. 
     
     
         4 . The fluid composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the component (A) is a component selected from the group consisting of a C 1 or 2  alkane, a C 1 or 2  halogenated alkane and a C 2  alkene. 
     
     
         5 . The fluid composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the component (A) is a component selected from the group consisting of difluoromethane, fluoromethane, methane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,2-difluoroethane, fluoroethane, ethane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, trifluoromethyl methyl ether, pentafluoroethyl methyl ether, heptafluoropropyl methyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxymethane, dichloromethane, chloromethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroethane, 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane. 
     
     
         6 . The fluid composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the component (B) is a component selected from the group consisting of C 2-5  halogenated alkenes. 
     
     
         7 . The fluid composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the component (B) is a component selected from the group consisting of C 2-3  halogenated alkenes. 
     
     
         8 . The fluid composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the component (B) is a component selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene, 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, cis-1,2-difluoroethylene, trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoroethylene, vinyl fluoride, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene, cis-1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene, trans-1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 3,3,3-trifluoropropene. 
     
     
         9 . The fluid composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the maximum value among measured values of the burning velocity in each equivalence ratio of the component (A) is at least 1 cm/sec, and
 the maximum value among measured values of the burning velocity in each equivalence ratio of the component (B) is at least 1 cm/sec.   
     
     
         10 . A refrigerant composition comprising the fluid composition as defined in  claim 1 . 
     
     
         11 . An air conditioner having the refrigerant composition as defined in  claim 10  sealed in a refrigeration cycle. 
     
     
         12 . The air conditioner according to  claim 11 , which is a floor type air conditioner wherein an indoor unit housing a part of said refrigeration cycle, is installed on the floor in a room. 
     
     
         13 . The air conditioner according to  claim 11 , which is an air conditioner for an automobile.