High-efficiency desalination

Abstract

Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for heat transfer systems at temperatures in the range of 20 C to 800 C. The systems consist of heat pipes configured such that they fit inside conventional heat exchangers, and more effectively transfer or recover heat from hot fluids, and that operate without user intervention over long periods of time.

1 - 3 . (canceled) 
     
     
         4 . A heat management system comprising heat pipes, advanced heat pipes, or thermosiphons that can transfer heat from a variety of heat sources and that replaces or supplements conventional heat exchangers for use in water purification systems of the type selected from the group consisting of MED MSF and vapor compression evaporators. 
     
     
         5 . A heat management system comprising heat pipes, advanced heat pipes, or thermosiphons that can transfer heat from a variety of heat sources and that replaces or supplements conventional heat exchangers for use in water purification systems of the type selected from the group consisting of membrane distillation systems, electro-oxidation systems, and electro-dialysis systems. 
     
     
         6 . A heat management system comprising heat pipes, advanced heat pipes, or thermosiphons that can transfer heat from a variety of heat sources and that replaces or supplements conventional heat exchangers for use in water purification systems of the type selected from the group consisting of reverse osmosis systems and forward osmosis systems.