Compositions for dyeing hair with cationic direct dyes

Abstract

Described herein is a hair color composition for dyeing the hair. The hair color composition includes one or more direct dye compounds and one or more additional ingredients. The one or more direct dye compounds each include a chromophore, one or two permanent cations, one to four incipient cations, and one or more hydrophobic moieties. The incipient cations are pendant to the core structure and are neutral. The one or more direct dye compounds enter the hair shaft after the hair color composition is applied to the hair. The hair color composition has a pH of from about 7 to about 11.

1 . A hair color composition comprising:
 a. one or more direct, dye compounds, the one or more direct dye compounds each comprising:
 i. a chromophore; 
 ii. one or two permanent cations, wherein the permanent cations are pendant to the chromophore or part of the chromophore, wherein the chromophore and the permanent cations form a core structure; and 
 iii. one to four incipient cations, wherein each of the incipient cations is pendant via a linker group to the core structure, and wherein the incipient cations are neutral; and 
 iv. one or more C 5 -C 9  hydrophobes, wherein the one or more C 5 -C 9  hydrophobes are pendant to the core structure; and 
   b. an additional ingredient selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, oxidizing agents, alkalizing agents, oxidative dye precursors, direct dyes, chelants, radical scavengers, pH modifiers, buffering agents, thickeners, rheology modifiers, carbonate ion sources, peroxymonocarbonate ion sources, surfactants, polymers, natural ingredients, fragrances, enzymes, dispersing agents, peroxides, peroxide stabilizing agents, antioxidants, protein compounds, plant extracts, conditioning agents, ceramides, phospholipids, UV blockers, preserving agents, emollients, moisturizing agents, pigments, opacifiers, pearling agents, and mixtures thereof;   wherein the hair color composition has a pH of from about 7 to about 11, and   wherein the chromophore has a structure according to Formula (XIXa), Formula (XIXc), Formula (XIXd), Formula (XIXf), Formula (XIXg), Formula (XIXi), and Formula (XIXj), homologs thereof, the partially or fully protonated forms thereof, cosmetically acceptable salts thereof and any combination thereof wherein these Formulas and homologs thereof have the following structures:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 R 1b , R 1c , R 1e , R 1f , R 1i , R 1j  are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, halogen substituted alkyl, alkenvl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl alkyl, alkoxy, aryioxy, acyl, halogen, nitro, nitroso, cyano, a heterocyclic moiety, thioether or are attached to a linker with or without an amino group; and 
 R 1h  and R 1g  are each independently hydrogen, C 5 -C 9  alkyl or a linker group with a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group attached; and 
 R 1a  and R 1d  are each independently C 5 -C 9  alkyl or a linker group with a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group attached; and 
 there is minimally one C 5 -C 9  alkyl group attached to the chromophore of Formula (XIXa); and 
 the total number of amino groups attached to R 1a , R 1d , R 1g  and R 1h  is 1-4; 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 R 3b , R 3c , R 3d , R 3e , R 3h , R 3i  are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, halogen substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, halogen, nitro, nitroso, cyano, a heterocyclic moiety, thioether or are attached to a linker with or without an amino group on the other end of the linker; and 
 R 3f  and R 3g  are each independently hydrogen, C 5 -C 9  alkyl or a linker group with a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group attached; and 
 R 3a  is C 5 -C 9  alkyl or a linker group with a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group attached; and 
 there is minimally one C 5 -C 9  alkyl group attached to the chromophore of Formula (XIXc); and 
 the total number of amino groups attached to R 3a , R 3f , and R 3g  is 1-3; 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 R 4b , R 4c , R 4d , R 4e , R 4g , R 4h  are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, halogen substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, halogen, nitro, nitroso, cyano, a heterocyclic moiety, thioether or are attached to a linker with or without an amino group on the other end of the linker; and 
 R 4f  is hydrogen, C 5 -C 9  alkyl or a linker group with a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group attached; and 
 R 4a  is C 5 -C 9  alkyl or a linker group with a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group attached; and 
 there is minimally one C 5 -C 9  alkyl group attached to the chromophore of Formula (XIXd); and 
 the total number of amino groups attached to R 4a  and R 4f  is 1 or 2; 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 R 6c , R 6d , R 6e , R 6g , R 6h , R 6i , and R 6j  are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, halogen substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, halogen, nitro, nitroso, cyano, a heterocyclic moiety, thioether or are attached to a linker with or without an amino group on the other end of the linker; and 
 R 6a  and R 6e  are each independently a linker group with a cationic moiety attached, the cationic group is quaternary ammonium, imidazolium, pyridinium, oxazolium, or thiazoliumis, and wherein R 6a  and R 6e  can also each independently take on the form of L 1 -Q*(-L 2 A)a, where L 1  and L 2  can be the same or different linkers, Q* is the cationic moiety, A is an amino group and n is either 1 or 2; and 
 R 6b  and R 6f  are each independently a hydrogen, alkyl or linker group L with a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group attached; and 
 there is minimally one C 5 -C 9  alkyl group attached to the chromophore of Formula (XIXf); and 
 the total number of amino groups attached to R 6a , R 6b , R 6e  and R 6f  is 1, 2, 3 or 4 and the total number of cationic moiety attached to R 6a  and R 6e  is 1 or 2; 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 R 7b , R 7c , R 7d , R 7f , R 7g , R 7h , R 7i , R 7j , R 7k  and R 7m  are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, halogen substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, halogen, nitro, nitroso, cyano, a heterocyclic moiety, thioether or are attached to a linker with or without an amino group on the other end of the linker; and 
 R 7a  and R 7e  are each independently C 5 -C 9  alkyl or a linker group with a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group attached; and 
 there is minimally one C 5 -C 9  alkyl group attached to the chromophore of Formula (XIXg); and 
 the total number of amino groups attached to R 7a  and R 7e  is 1 or 2; 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 R 9b , R 9c , R 9   g , R 9h , and R 9i  each independently hydrogen, alkyl, halogen substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, halogen, nitro, nitroso, cyano, a heterocyclic moiety, thioether or are attached to a linker with or without an amino group on the other end of the linker; and 
 R 9d  and R 9e  are each independently hydrogen, C 5 -C 9  alkyl, hydroxyl alkyl or a linker group with a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group attached; and 
 R 9a  and R 9f  are each independently C 5 -C 9  alkyl or a linker group with a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group attached; and 
 there is minimally one C 5 -C 9  alkyl group attached to the chromophore of Formula (XIXi); and 
 the total number of amino groups attached to R 9a , R 9d , R 9e  and R 4f  is 1-4; and 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 R 10b , R 10c , R 10d , R 10e , and R 10i  are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, halogen substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hydroxyl alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, halogen, nitro, nitroso, cyano, a heterocyclic moiety, thioether or are attached to a linker with or without an amino group on the other end of the linker; and 
 R 10f  and R 10g  are each independently hydrogen, C 5 -C 9  alkyl, hydroxyl alkyl or a linker group with a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group attached; and 
 R 10a  and R 10h  are each independently C 5 -C 9  alkyl or a linker group with a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group attached; and 
 there is minimally one C 5 -C 9  alkyl group attached to the chromophore of Formula (XIXj); and 
 the total number of amino groups attached to R 10a , R 10f , R 10g  and R 10h  is 1-4. 
 
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more C5-C9 hydrophobic moieties are C5-C6 hydrophobic moieties. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more direct dye compounds each comprise two incipient cations. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more direct dye compounds each has a molecular weight of less than about 1,000 g/mol. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the hair color composition has a pH of from about 9 to about 11. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the hair color composition has a pH of from about 7 to about 9. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein an oxidizing agent is applied before or during the application of the hair color composition. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of peroxides, perborates, percarbonates, persulfates, oxidant generating enzymes, oxidant generating substrates, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the hair color composition further comprises one or more oxidation dyes. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the chromophore has a structure according to Formula (XIXa). 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the one or more C5-C9 hydrophobic moieties are C5-C6 hydrophobic moieties. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the one or more direct dye compounds each comprise two incipient cations. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the hair color composition has a pH of from about 7 to about 9. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the chromophore has a structure according to Formula (XIXf). 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the one or more C5-C9 hydrophobic moieties are C5-C6 hydrophobic moieties. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the one or more direct dye compounds each comprise two incipient cations. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the chromophore has a structure according to Formula (XIXg). 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the one or more C5-C9 hydrophobic moieties are C5-C6 hydrophobic moieties. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the one or more direct dye compounds each comprise two incipient cations. 
     
     
         20 . A hair color kit comprising the hair color composition of  claim 1 .