Winding for an electrical machine

Abstract

Winding for an electrical machine having an inductor with pole pitch τ p , having a plurality of groups of turns intercepting a fraction of a magnetic field, each group comprising a first subgroup of turns and a second subgroup of turns of same phase at a distance equal to τ p , the turns of the first subgroup being connected in such a way that a current may flow in same direction in all turns of said subgroup, the turns of the second subgroup being connected in such a way that a current may flow in same direction in all turns of said subgroup, a turn of the first subgroup being connected to a turn of the second subgroup in such a way that the direction of said current in the first group is opposite to the direction of the current in the second subgroup.

1 - 20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . A winding for an electrical machine adapted for interacting with an inductor structure providing a sequence of at least one pair of north and south magnetic poles along a length, producing a magnetic field, the poles being separated by a pole pitch distance r p  along the length, the winding comprising:
 one or more phases, the number of phases being n; and   a plurality of groups of pairs of conductors, each pair of conductors forming a turn intercepting a fraction of the magnetic field, wherein a first group of the plurality of groups includes:
 a first subgroup of turns of one phase having a spread along the length inferior or equal to τ p /n; and 
 a second subgroup of turns of same phase having a spread along the length inferior or equal to τ p /n, at a distance equal to τ p  from first subgroup along the length, the turns of the first subgroup being connected such that a current may flow in same direction in all turns of the first subgroup, the turns of the second subgroup being connected such that a current may flow in same direction in all turns of the second subgroup, and a turn of the first subgroup being connected to a turn of the second subgroup such that the direction of the current in the first subgroup is opposite to the direction of the current in the second subgroup, and 
   wherein the winding is adapted for moving in relation to the inductor structure along the length.   
     
     
         22 . The winding according to  claim 21 , the first subgroup and the second subgroup having same number t of turns. 
     
     
         23 . The winding according to  claim 21 , a first conductor being arranged in a first layer and a second conductor being arranged in a second layer. 
     
     
         24 . The winding according to  claim 23 , the first and second layer being separated by an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer having a height perpendicular to the length, an extremity of the first conductor being connected to an extremity of the second conductor through an opening in the intermediate layer. 
     
     
         25 . The winding according to  claim 24  wherein the first, intermediate, and second layers are layers of a PCB. 
     
     
         26 . The winding according to  claim 24 , wherein each of the pairs conductors of a turn form a loop. 
     
     
         27 . The winding according to  claim 26 , wherein a conductor of the first layer of one turn is extended along its length and connected through the intermediate layer to a conductor of the second layer having a corresponding extension to form a connection between two adjacent turns, the two adjacent turns being at a distance in the length direction. 
     
     
         28 . The winding according to  claim 26 , wherein each of the first and second subgroups of turns have a number t of turns, first conductors of the first layer being numbered from 1 to t in the length direction, second conductors of the second layer being also numbered from 1 to t in the length direction, and a first conductor i of the first layer being connected at the upper end of the first conductor i to a second conductor t-i of the second layer through a horizontal shortcut connection extending along the length direction, at decreasing heights, for i=1 to i=t−1;
 and the first conductor i of the first layer being connected at the lower end of the intermediate layer to a second conductor t-i+1 of the second layer through a horizontal shortcut connection extending along the length direction of the intermediate layer, at increasing heights, for i=1 to i=t, the horizontal shortcut connections being in at least one of the first layer or the second layer. 
 
     
     
         29 . The winding according to  claim 26 , wherein each of the first and second subgroup of turns have a number t of turns, first conductors of a first subgroup being numbered from 1 to t in the length direction, second conductors of the subsequent second subgroup also being numbered from 1 to t in the length direction;
 first conductor i of the first layer being replaced by a first vertical shortcut extending in a vertical direction for an extent of the first conductor i overlapping a second conductor 1 of the second layer, for i going from the first conductor i having an overlap to a last conductor t;   second conductor i of the second layer being replaced by a second vertical shortcut extending in the vertical direction for an extent of the second conductor i overlapping conductor t of the first layer, for i going from the first conductor 1 to the last conductor having an overlap;   the first and second vertical shortcut connections being in at least one of the first layer or the second layer, except for shortcut number t of the first subgroup and shortcut number 1 of the second subgroup, which are in the first layer and the second layer respectively.   
     
     
         30 . The winding according to  claim 24 , wherein each of the pairs of conductors form a turn form a wave. 
     
     
         31 . The winding according to  claim 30 , wherein a plurality of turns are connected in series and a plurality of series of turns are arranged successively at a distance in the length direction, a first conductor of the first layer of one turn of one series is extended along its length and connected through the intermediate layer to a second conductor of a successive series of the second layer, having a corresponding extension, so as to form a connection between two successive series, the two successive series being at a distance in the length direction. 
     
     
         32 . The winding according to  claim 30 , wherein first conductors of the first subgroup of turns are interrupted at mid height and connected through the intermediate layer with corresponding second conductors of the second subgroup, at both ends of the length to form a continuous circuit. 
     
     
         33 . The winding according to  claim 30 , wherein a plurality of series of turns are arranged successively at a distance in the length direction, the plurality of series is a number t of series, adjacent conductors being numbered from 1 to t in both the first and second layer, and first conductors 1 to t of the first layer are connected at the upper end to second conductors t to 1 respectively of the second layer through t horizontal shortcut connections extending along the length direction, at decreasing heights, and second conductors 1 to t of the second layer being connected at the lower end to first conductor t to 1 of the first layer through a horizontal shortcut connections extending along the length direction, at increasing heights,
 except for one of the plurality of series where first conductors 1 to t−1 of the first layer are connected at the upper end to second conductors t−1 to 1 respectively of the second layer through t−1 horizontal shortcut connections extending along the length direction, at decreasing heights, conductors t of the first and second layer being connected to terminals.   
     
     
         34 . The winding of  claim 30 , wherein a plurality of series of turns are arranged successively at a distance in the length direction, the plurality of series is a number t of series, adjacent conductors being numbered from 1 to t in the length direction in both the first and second layer, obtainable by:
 providing a connection of part of the first conductor of the first subgroup extending on upper part of the intermediate layer to part of the second conductor of the second subgroup extending on lower part of the intermediate layer, through the intermediate layer, at mid-height of the intermediate layer;   redirecting respectively
 (a) part of first conductors 2 to t−1 of the first subgroup extending on an upper part of the intermediate layer up to a point of overlap with a second conductor 1 of the second subgroup to 
 (b) part of second conductors 2 to t−1 of the second subgroup extending on the lower part of the intermediate layer from a point of overlap with a first conductor 1 of first subgroup 
 (c) through a vertical shortcut connection extending in a vertical direction, the vertical shortcut connection being in at least one of the first layer or the second layer; 
   redirecting
 (a) part of a first conductor t of the first subgroup extending on the upper part of the intermediate layer up to the point of overlap with the second conductor 1 of the second subgroup to 
 (b) part of the first conductor 1 of the first subgroup extending on the lower part of the intermediate layer from the point of overlap with a second conductor t of the second subgroup 
 (c) through the vertical shortcut connection extending in the vertical direction, the vertical shortcut connection being in at least one of the first layer or the second layer for conductors 2 to t−1 and in the first layer only for conductor t; and 
   performing same operations after a rotation of 180° around a vertical axis, the vertical shortcut being applied on first conductor t.   
     
     
         35 . The winding according to  claim 28 , wherein a plurality of vias connect at least one of corresponding vertical or horizontal shortcut connections in the first and second layer of the intermediate layer. 
     
     
         36 . Use of the winding of  claim 21 , where the winding is in an elongated configuration, in a linear electrical machine. 
     
     
         37 . The use according to  claim 36 , where the winding is wound up in a direction perpendicular to the length. 
     
     
         38 . Use of the winding of  claim 21 , where the winding is wound up in the length direction, in a cylindrical configuration, in a rotating electrical machine. 
     
     
         39 . Use of the winding of  claim 21 , where the winding is wound up in a disc-shaped form, in a flat configuration, in a rotating electrical machine having an axial field. 
     
     
         40 . Use of the winding of  claim 21 , wherein one or more windings are superposed with an insulating layer being located between two superposed windings.