Systems and methods for distinguishing cotinine from anabasine in a point-of-care testing device

Abstract

A system for determining a level of Cotinine and Anabasine in a sample includes a test strip configured to receive a sample; and a meter configured to receive the test strip wherein the meter is configured to read the test strip and detect a level of Anabasine and Cotinine.

1 . A system for determining a level of nicotine metabolites, in a sample, comprising:
 a test strip configured to receive a sample; and   an analyzer configured to receive the test strip wherein the analyzer is configured to read the test strip and detect a level of a first nicotine metabolite and a second nicotine metabolite.   
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the analyzer is configured and executing code to determine whether the sample is from an individual who consumed tobacco products or an individual who consumed cessation products based on the level of the first nicotine metabolite and the level of the second nicotine metabolite. 
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the first nicotine metabolite is Anabasine and the second nicotine metabolite is Cotinine. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 3 , wherein the test strip includes an Ab-particle Conjugate Stripe, the Ab-particle Conjugate Stripe including Ab-particle Conjugates for binding with one of Anabasine and Cotinine. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 4 , wherein the test strip includes an Ab-particle Conjugate Stripe, the Ab-particle Conjugate Stripe including microparticles combined with a Cotinine antibody and microparticles combined with an Anabasine antibody. 
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 5 , wherein the test strip include a first test site and a second test site, the first test site including compounds to bind with the microparticles combined with a Cotinine antibody, and the second test site including microparticles combined with an Anabasine antibody. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 6 , wherein the microparticles are fluorescent. 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 6 , wherein the microparticles have reflective properties. 
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 6 , wherein the microparticles have properties that provide for the absorption of light. 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 7 , wherein the analyzer measures a level of absorption at the first test site to determine the level of Cotinine, and the analyzer measures a level of absorption at the second test site to determine the level of Anabasine. 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein the analyzer measures a level of reflection at the first test site to determine the level of Cotinine, and the analyzer measures a level of reflection at the second test site to determine the level of Anabasine. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 9 , wherein the analyzer measures a level of fluorescence at the first test site to determine the level of Cotinine, and the analyzer measures a level of fluorescence at the second test site to determine the level of Anabasine. 
     
     
         13 . A test strip for determining a level of Cotinine and Anabasine in a sample comprising:
 an Ab-particle Conjugate Stripe, the Ab-particle Conjugate Stripe including Ab-particle Conjugates for binding with one of Anabasine and Cotinine.   
     
     
         14 . The test strip of  claim 13 , wherein the Ab-particle Conjugates include microparticles combined with a Cotinine antibody and microparticles combined with an Anabasine antibody. 
     
     
         15 . The test strip of  claim 14 , wherein the microparticles are fluorescent. 
     
     
         16 . The test strip of  claim 14 , wherein the microparticles have reflective properties. 
     
     
         17 . The test strip of  claim 14 , wherein the microparticles have properties that provide for the absorption of light. 
     
     
         18 . The test strip of  claim 17 , wherein the test strip is configured to provide for a meter that measures a level of absorption at the first test site to determine the level of Cotinine, and the meter measures a level of absorption at the second test site to determine the level of Anabasine. 
     
     
         19 . The test strip of  claim 14 , wherein the test strip is configured to provide for a meter that measures a level of reflection at the first test site to determine the level of Cotinine, and the meter measures a level of reflection at the second test site to determine the level of Anabasine. 
     
     
         20 . The test strip of  claim 13 , wherein the test strip is configured to provide for a meter that measures a level of fluorescence at the first test site to determine the level of Cotinine, and the meter measures a level of fluorescence at the second test site to determine the level of Anabasine. 
     
     
         21 . A method of determining a level of Cotinine and Anabasine in a sample comprising:
 providing a test strip configured to receive a sample;   providing a meter configured to receive the test strip wherein the meter is configured to read the test strip and detect a level of Anabasine and Cotinine;   placing a sample on the test strip;   laterally flowing the sample on the test strip; and   reading the test strip with the meter.   
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the test strip includes an Ab-particle Conjugate Stripe, the Ab-particle Conjugate Stripe including microparticles combined with a Cotinine antibody and microparticles combined with an Anabasine antibody, and the test strip includes a first test site and a second test site, the first test site including compounds to bind with the microparticles combined with a Cotinine antibody, and the second test site including microparticles combined with an Anabasine antibody, the method further comprising:
 binding at least a portion of Anabasine and Cotinine with microparticles combined with the Cotinine antibody and microparticles combined with the Anabasine antibody, respectively;   binding at least a portion of the microparticles combined with the Cotinine antibody and microparticles combined with the Anabasine antibody to the first test site and the second test site, respectively;   wherein reading the test strip includes detecting at the first test site to determine the level of Cotinine and detecting at the second test site to determine the level of Anabasine.