Hybrid composite nanomaterial and method of preparing the same

Abstract

A hybrid composite nanomaterial comprising a hydrotalcite like layered double hydroxide compound provided with one or more lanthanide elements inserted into the 2D layers and one or more organic-inorganic (DONOR/ACCEPTOR) compounds, or acids or salts thereof, intercalated between them as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 31.

I claim: 
     
         1 . A hybrid composite nanomaterial comprising a hydrotalcite like layered double hydroxide compound provided with one or more lanthanide elements inserted into 2D layers and one or more organic compounds having at least one of entities and their derivatives selected from among: azole, polybenzimidazole, polythiophene, fullerene, acids, and salts thereof, intercalated between them. 
     
     
         2 . The material of  claim 1 , wherein the lanthanide elements are selected from a group consisting of Nd 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , Gd 3+ , Er 3+ , Tm 3+  and Yb 3+ . 
     
     
         3 . The material of  claim 1 , wherein the hydrotalcite like layered double hydroxide compound is described by an empirical formula as follows:
   [(M 2+ ) n (M 3+ ) m (OH) 2(n+m) ] m+ [(A x− ) m/x   .y H 2 O]   
       where M 2+  and M 3+  are metal cations, permissible also in their oxidised or reduced form, A represents a x-valent anion(s) as sought in  claim 1 , x is the charge of the anion and y is the number of interlayer water molecules. 
     
     
         4 . The material of  claim 1  wherein a typical nanoscale photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) is envisaged in the presence of an intercalated or encapsulated light harvesting species donor/acceptor pair), such that the nanocomposite when deposited onto an anode substrate, dissociates neighbouring water through the in situ generated ‘sum’ potential, with possible simultaneous, adsorption of part of the evolved hydrogen, at the 2D lamella containing oxide phases. 
     
     
         5 . The material of  claim 4 , wherein the intercalated or encapsulated donor/acceptor pair is any combination of the organic compounds, with similar light harvesters grown directly on the layered double hydroxide 2D lamella, as in, inorganic (Quantum dots or rods or tetrapods), or as metal oxides from M (I-IV) ion, inserted into the 2D lamella and oxidized with the dissolved oxygen; with intercalated entity as its sensitizers. 
     
     
         6 . The material of  claim 1  being combined with electro, wet, dry, melt, extrusion, direct, or gel spinning, at micro or macro level, so as to produce porous co-axial host matrices, having the capacity to host any entities as mentioned in  claim 1 , for application as sensor or inhibitor or cure materials in medical field. 
     
     
         7 . The hybrid composite nanomaterial of  claim 1  wherein the acids comprise perfluorosulfonic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, HEME B, delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol (CBD), coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (coumarin), and fluorescein. 
     
     
         8 . A method for the production of a composite nanomaterial, comprising a single step one-pot synthesis via insertion of one or more lanthanide elements into 2D layers of a hydrotalcite like layered double hydroxide compound via a self-assembly process occurring in the presence of chelating organic compounds under hydrothermal conditions in a sealed container. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the hydrothermal conditions provide a synthesis temperature of between 80° C. and 150° C. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the hydrothermal conditions provide a synthesis time of between 8 hours and 12 hours. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the lanthanide elements are selected from the group consisting of Nd 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , Gd 3+ , Er 3+ , Tm 3+  and Yb 3+ . 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the organic compounds have at least one of functional groups selected from among the following: hydroxyl (R—OH), carbonyl (R 1 —C═O—R 2 ), carboxyl (RCOOH), amino (RNH 2 ), phosphate (ROP(OH) 2 ═O), sulfhydryl (R—SH) and pertain non-exclusively to the class of enzymes or proteins, porphyrin or cannabis. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the organic compounds are selected from among: azole, polybenzimidazole, polythiophene, fullerene, acids which pertain non-exclusively from among: Perfluorosulfonic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, HEME B, delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol or cannabidiol (CBD) or coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (Coumarin), DYE like fluorescein and salts thereof. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the hydrotalcite like compound is described by an empirical formula of the following:
   [(M 2+ ) n (M 3+ ) m (OH) 2(n+m) ] m+ [(A x− ) m/x   .y H 2 O]   
       where M 2+  and M 3+  are metal cations, permissible also in their oxidised or reduced forms, A represents a x-valent anion(s), x is the charge of the anion and y is the number of interlayer water molecules. 
     
     
         15 . A method for the production of a layered structure CIGS replica material which is provided with an intermediate structure as follows:
   [Cu 2+   x Zn 2+   1-x In 3+   y Al 3+   3-y-z Ga 3+   z (HSe) 4-8 ] +3 [acceptor −   n +(SeO 4   2− ) m ] 3/(n+2m)      
       by hydrothermal synthesis with HSe −  as major anionic species, generated in situ via SO 2  and NH 3 /HC (g)  bubbling in the presence of Al 3+  and Na +  ions, wherein consumption of 2D substituted Al 3+  of a hybrid composite nanomaterial according to  claim 1  to alumina is controlled by bubbling of SO 2  gas into the reaction chamber for the insitu produced Se to react with Al 3+  such that the layered structure or CIGS replica material is rendered with its default p-type character; and wherein by a possible simultaneous re-addition of In 3+  along with the gas bubbling; a submission of the solution mixture to a second step of high temperature, pressure and time (T, P, t) conditions, whereby the Al deficient compound is exposed to Indium/Sodium ions, such that the layered structure CIGS replica material is provided with a n-type character. 
     
     
         16 . A method of making a composite nanomaterial comprising one-pot precipitation at a basic pH level, with constant stirring of the slurry at room temperature, while aging of a resulting slurry at a temperature above room temperature following with subsequent drying in vacuo of the precipitate at a temperature above room temperature for adequate amount of time, thereby following high (temperature, pressure, time) [high (T, P, t)] ideology of a hydrothermal synthesis, wherein a composite nanomaterial, which comprises of a hydrotalcite like layered double hydroxide compound, provided with one or more lanthanide elements inserted into 2D layers and one or more organic compounds, having at least one of functional groups, in their oxidized or reduced form or salts thereof, selected from among the following: hydroxyl (R—OH), carbonyl (R1-C═O—R 2 ), carboxyl (RCOOH), amino (RNH 2 ), phosphate (ROP(OH) 2 ═O), sulfhydryl (R—SH) and pertain non exclusively to class of enzymes or proteins, porphyrin or cannabis, intercalated between them, can be obtained.