Actively Tunable Polar-Dielectric Optical Devices

Abstract

Optical devices that include one or more structures fabricated from polar-dielectric materials that exhibit surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs), where the SPhPs alter the optical properties of the structure. The optical properties lent to these structures by the SPhPs are altered by introducing charge carriers directly into the structures. The carriers can be introduced into these structures, and the carrier concentration thereby controlled, through optical pumping or the application of an appropriate electrical bias.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . An actively tunable polar-dielectric optical device, comprising:
 at least one polar-dielectric structure fabricated from a polar-dielectric metamaterial configured to exhibit surface polar phonon polaritons (SPhPs) affecting at least one optical property of the device when the metamaterial is subjected to an external stimulation, a value of the at least one optical property of the structure being dependent on a concentration of charge carriers in the metamaterial; and   a source of charge carriers controllably coupled to the device;   wherein the at least one optical property of the structure is a corresponding ordinary or extraordinary permittivity of an anisotropic lattice of the polar-dielectric metamaterial; and   wherein a value of the corresponding ordinary or extraordinary permittivity of the anisotropic lattice of the polar-dielectric metamaterial is actively tuned by controllably injecting charge carriers from the source of charge carriers directly into the polar-dielectric device.   
     
     
         2 . The optical device according to  claim 1 , wherein the source of charge carriers is a controllable optical pump beam incident on the device; and
 wherein the injection of charge carriers into the device is controlled by controlling an intensity of the pump beam.   
     
     
         3 . An actively tunable polar-dielectric optical device, comprising:
 at least one polar-dielectric structure fabricated from a polar-dielectric metamaterial configured to exhibit surface polar phonon polaritons (SPhPs) affecting at least one optical property of the device when the metamaterial is subjected to an external stimulation, a value of the at least one optical property of the structure being dependent on a concentration of charge carriers in the metamaterial; and   a source of charge carriers controllably coupled to the device;   wherein the at least one optical property of the structure is a corresponding ordinary or extraordinary permittivity of an anisotropic structure of the polar-dielectric metamaterial; and   wherein a value of the corresponding ordinary or extraordinary permittivity of the anisotropic structure of the polar-dielectric metamaterial is actively tuned by controllably injecting charge carriers from the source of charge carriers directly into the polar-dielectric device.   
     
     
         4 . The optical device according to  claim 3 , wherein the source of charge carriers is a controllable optical pump beam incident on the device; and
 wherein the injection of charge carriers into the device is controlled by controlling an intensity of the pump beam.   
     
     
         5 . An actively tunable polar-dielectric optical device, comprising:
 at least one polar-dielectric structure fabricated from a polar-dielectric metamaterial configured to exhibit surface polar phonon polaritons (SPhPs) affecting at least one optical property of the device when the metamaterial is subjected to an external stimulation; and   a source of charge carriers controllably coupled to the device;   wherein the polar-dielectric metamaterial exhibits simultaneous positive and negative real permittivities from orthogonal crystal axes in the polar-dielectric metamaterial; and   wherein a value of a least one of the positive and negative real permittivities is actively tuned by controlling the number of charge carriers injected into the device.   
     
     
         6 . The optical device according to  claim 5 , wherein the source of charge carriers is a controllable optical pump beam incident on the device; and
 wherein the injection of charge carriers into the device is controlled by controlling an intensity of the pump beam.