Diamine derivatives as inhibitors of leukotriene a4 hydrolase

Abstract

where r, q, R, R2, R3, R4, R5a, R5b, R5c, R6a, R6b, R6c, R7, R8, and R9 are described herein, as single stereoisomers or as mixtures of stereoisomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, clathrates, polymorphs, ammonium ions, N-oxides or prodrugs thereof; which are leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitors and therefore useful in treating inflammatory disorders. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and methods of preparing the compounds of the invention are also disclosed.

1 . A compound having Formula (I): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
         R is i) the group 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          or
 ii) the group 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          or
 iii) an optionally substituted heteroaryl; 
 n 1 , n 2 , and n 3  are each independently 0 to 2; 
 
         r is 0 to 4; 
         q is 0 to 2; 
         R 1a , R 1b , R 1c , R 1d  and R 1e  are each independently hydrogen, —R 13 —OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)R 10 , alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl; 
         R 1v , R 1w , R 1x , R 1y  and R 1z  are each independently hydrogen or fluoro; 
         R 2  is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionally substituted heterocyclyalkyl; 
         or R 2  and R 7 , together with the nitrogens to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl; 
         or R 2  and R 7 , together with the nitrogens to which they are attached and one of R 5a , R 5b  and R 5c , form an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bridged N-heterocyclyl; 
         or R 2  and R 5a , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl or an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bridged N-heterocyclyl; 
         or R 2  and R 5a , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl; 
         or R 2  and R 8 , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted N-heterocyclyl or an optionally substituted N-heteroaryl; 
         R 3  is a direct bond, —O—, —R 12 —O—, —O—R 12 —, —O—R 12 —O—, an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain, an optionally substituted straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkynylene chain; 
         R 4  is a direct bond, —O—R 12a —, an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain, an optionally substituted straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkynylene chain; 
         each R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , R 6a , R 6b  and R 6c  are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl or hydroxyalkyl; 
         or any one of R 5a  and R 6a  together, R 5b  and R 6b  together, and R 5c  and R 6c  together can be an oxo group; 
         or R 5a  and R 5b , together with the carbons to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl; 
         or R 5a  and R 5c , together with the carbons to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 4- to 7-membered cycloalkyl; 
         or R 5b  and R 6b , together with the carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl; 
         R 7  is hydrogen, —R 13 —OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)N(R 10 )R 11 , alkyl, haloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl; 
         or R 7  and R 5a , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl; 
         or R 7  and R 5a , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl and R 2  and R 5c , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which are they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl; 
         or R 7  and R 5a , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl; 
         or R 7  and R 5c , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl or an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bridged N-heterocyclyl; 
         R 8  is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, —R 13 —OR 10 , —R 13 —O—R 14 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)—R 14 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R u , —R 13 —C(═O)—R 14 —S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), or —R 14 —S(═O) p R 10  (where p is 0, 1 or 2); 
         or R 8  is aralkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, optionally substituted heteroaryl, hydroxyiminoalkyl, —R 13 —OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —C(═O)N(R 10 )—R 14 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), —R 13 —N(R 10 )R u , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )—R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 14 —S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )—R 14 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), and —R 13 —O—R 14 —C(═O)OR 10 ; 
         each R 9  is independently —O—R 10 , alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl; 
         each R 10  and R 11  is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl; 
         or R 10  and R 11 , together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted N-heterocyclyl or an optionally substituted N-heteroaryl; 
         R 12  is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain, an optionally substituted straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkynylene chain; 
         R 12a  is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain, an optionally substituted straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkynylene chain; 
         each R 13  is independently a direct bond, an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain, an optionally substituted straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkynylene chain; and 
         each R 14  is independently an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain, an optionally substituted straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkynylene chain; 
         as a single stereoisomer or as a mixture of stereoisomers; 
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, clathrate, ammonium ion, N-oxide or prodrug thereof. 
       
     
     
         2 - 5 . (canceled) 
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 33  wherein R is an optionally substituted heteroaryl. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 6  wherein R is furanyl, oxazolyl, pyrazol, pyridinyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, or benzothiazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted. 
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 6  wherein: R 2  and R 7 , together with the nitrogens to which they are attached and one of R 5a , R 5b  and R 5c , form an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bridged N-heterocyclyl. 
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 8  having the following formula (I-1): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 9  wherein:
 R 3  is a direct bond, —O—, —R 12 —O—, —O—R 12 —, —O—R 12 —O—, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 4  is a direct bond, —O—R 12a —, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 8  is aralkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —R 13 —OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)OR 10  and —R 13 —C(═O)N(R 10 )R 11 ; 
 each R 9  is independently alkyl, halo or —O—R 10 ; 
 R 12  is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 12a  is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; and 
 each R 13  is a direct bond or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain. 
 
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 10  wherein:
 r is 0; 
 R 3  is a direct bond, —O—, —R 12 —O—, —O—R 12 —, —O—R 12 —O—, or an alkylene chain; 
 R 4  is a direct bond, —O—R 12a —, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 8  is benzyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from —R 13 —OR 10  and —R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 ; 
 R 10  is hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl; 
 R 12  is C 1-6  alkylene; and 
 R 12a  is methylene or ethylene. 
 
     
     
         12 . The method according to  claim 6  wherein:
 R 2  and R 7 , together with the nitrogens to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl. 
 
     
     
         13 . The method according to  claim 12  having the following formula (I-2): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         14 . (canceled) 
     
     
         15 . The method according to  claim 13  wherein:
 R 3  is a direct bond, —O—, —R 12 —O—, —O—R 12 —, —O—R 12 —O—, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 4  is a direct bond, —O—R 12a —, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 8  is aralkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, optionally substituted heteroaryl, hydroxyiminoalkyl, —R 13 —OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)R u , —R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —C(═O)N(R 10 )—R 14 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), —R 13 —N(R 10 )R u , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )—R 14 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 14 —S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )—R 14 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), and —R 13 —O—R 14 —C(═O)OR 10 ; 
 R 12  is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 12a  is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 each R 13  is a direct bond or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; and 
 each R 14  is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain. 
 
     
     
         16 . The method according to  claim 15  wherein:
 R 8  is benzyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, optionally substituted heteroaryl, hydroxyiminoalkyl, —R 13 —OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)R m , —R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —C(═O)N(R 10 )—R 14 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), —R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 1 —R 13 —N(R 10 )—R 14 —C(O)OR 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 14 —S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )—R 14 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), and —R 13 —O—R 14 —C(═O)OR 10 . 
 
     
     
         17 . The method according to  claim 16  wherein:
 r is 0; 
 R 4  is a direct bond, —O—R 12a —, or an optionally substituted straight or branched methylene, ethylene or propylene chain; 
 R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , R 6a , R 6b  and R 6c  are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl or hydroxyalkyl; 
 R 8  is benzyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from —R 13 —OR 10  and —R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 ; 
 R 10  is hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl; 
 R 12  is CM alkylene, optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —OR 10 ; and 
 R 12a  is methylene, ethylene or propylene, optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —OR 10 . 
 
     
     
         18 . The method according to  claim 16  wherein:
 r is 0; 
 R 2  and R 7 , together with the nitrogens to which they are attached, form hexahydro-1H-diazepinyl (optionally substituted with oxo); 
 R 3  is a direct bond, —O—, —R 12 —O—, —O—R 12 —, —O—R 12 —O—, or an optionally substituted straight or branched methylene or ethylene chain; 
 R 4  is a direct bond, —O—R 12a —, or an optionally substituted straight or branched methylene, ethylene or propylene chain; 
 each R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , R 6a , R 6b  and R 6c  are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl or hydroxyalkyl; 
 each R 12  is a methylene, ethylene or propylene chain (each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —OR 10 ); and 
 R 12a  is a methylene, ethylene or propylene chain (each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —OR 10 ). 
 
     
     
         19 . The method according to  claim 12  having the following formula (I-3): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         20 . The method according to  claim 19  wherein:
 R 3  is a direct bond, —O—, —R 12 —O—, —O—R 12 —, —O—R 12 —O—, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 4  is a direct bond, —O—R 12a —, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 12  is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 12a  is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 each R 13  is a direct bond or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; and each R 14  is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain. 
 
     
     
         21 . The method according to  claim 20  wherein:
 R 8  is aralkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —R 13 —OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)R 10 , and —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 . 
 
     
     
         22 . The method according to  claim 6  wherein:
 R 2  is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl and optionally substituted heterocyclyalkyl; and 
 R 8  is aralkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, optionally substituted heteroaryl, hydroxyiminoalkyl, —R 13 —OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —C(═O)N(R 10 )—R 14 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), —R 13 —N(R 10 )R u , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )—R 14 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 14 —S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )—R 14 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), and —R 13 —O—R 14 —C(═O)OR 10 . 
 
     
     
         23 . (canceled) 
     
     
         24 . (canceled) 
     
     
         25 . The method according to  claim 6  wherein:
 R 2  and R 5a , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl or an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bridged N-heterocyclyl; 
 or R 2  and R 5b , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl. 
 
     
     
         26 . The method according to  claim 25  wherein:
 R 3  is a direct bond, —O—, —R 12 —O—, —O—R 12 —, —O—R 12 —O—, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 4  is a direct bond, —O—R 12a —, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 12  is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 12a  is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 each R 13  is a direct bond or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; and 
 each R 14  is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain. 
 
     
     
         27 . The method according to  claim 26  wherein:
 R 2  and R 5a , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted piperidinyl, an optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl, or an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bridged N-heterocyclyl; 
 or R 2  and R 5b , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl or an optionally substituted piperidinyl; 
 R 3  is a direct bond, —O—R 12 —, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; 
 R 4  is a direct bond, —O—R 12a —, or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkylene chain; each R 5b , R 5c , R 6a , R 6b  and R 6c  are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl or hydroxyalkyl; and 
 R 8  is aralkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —R 13 —OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , or —R 13 —C(═O)N(R 10 )—R 14 —N(R 10 )R 11 . 
 
     
     
         28 . The method according to  claim 27  which is of formula (I-4) or formula (I-5): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         29 . The method according to  claim 6  wherein:
 R 7  and R 5a , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl; 
 or R 7  and R 5a , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl and R 2  and R 5b , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which are they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl; 
 or R 7  and R 5b , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl; 
 or R 7  and R 5c , together with the nitrogen and carbon to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered N-heterocyclyl or an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bridged V-heterocyclyl. 
 
     
     
         30 - 32 . (canceled) 
     
     
         33 . A method of treating a disease or disorder ameliorated by the inhibition of LTA 4 -h activity in a mammal, wherein the method comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of compound of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         34 . The method according to  claim 6  wherein the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, anaphylactic reactions, allergic reactions, allergic contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, chemical and non-specific irritant contact dermatitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, fistulas associated with Crohn's disease, pouchitis, septic or endotoxic shock, hemorrhagic shock, shock-like syndromes, capillary leak syndromes induced by immunotherapy of cancer, acute respiratory distress syndrome, scleroderma lung disease, traumatic shock, immune- and pathogen-induced pneumonias, immune complex-mediated pulmonary injury and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, post-surgical trauma, gastrointestinal ulcers, diseases associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute myocardial ischemia, infarction, acute renal failure, ischemic bowel disease, acute hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis, autoimmune diseases, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, acute and chronic organ transplant rejection, transplant arteriosclerosis, transplant fibrosis, cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, atherosclerosis, aneurysm, critical leg ischemia, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, Reynaud's syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, macular degeneration, glaucoma, neurodegenerative disorders, delayed neurodegeneration in stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, encephalitis, HIV dementia, inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, arthritic pain, periodontal disease, gingivitis, ear infections, migraine, benign prostatic hyperplasia, cancer, leukemias, lymphomas, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, malignant melanoma, renal carcinoma, head tumors, neck tumors and colorectal cancer. 
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the disease or disorder is cystic fibrosis. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein R 8  is aralkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, optionally substituted heteroaryl, hydroxyiminoalkyl, —R 13 —OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —C(═O)N(R 10 )—R 14 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), —R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )—R 13 —C(═O)OR 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 14 —S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)R 10 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )C(═O)—R 13 —N(R 10 )—R 14 —N(R 10 )R 11 , —R 13 —N(R 10 )S(═O) t N(R 10 )R 11  (where t is 1 or 2), and —R 13 —O—R 14 —C(═O)OR 10 .