COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING C5 and C6 MONOSACCHARIDES

Abstract

Compositions comprising C5 and C6 monosaccharides and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate comprising a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate;   (b) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate comprising a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; and   (c) impurities;   wherein the impurities comprise furfural in an amount up to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition; and   wherein the composition is provided as an aqueous solution.   
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 ,
 wherein the impurities further comprise ash, and the ash is present in an amount up to 0.25% in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition.   
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 2 ,
 wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is a pentose.   
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 4 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is derived from a lignocellulose substrate.   
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is present at a concentration of at least 90% in an aqueous solution.   
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is xylose, arabinose, or a mixture thereof.   
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium. 
   
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron. 
   
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur. 
   
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the weight ratio of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate to the ash is greater than 360:1.   
     
     
         13 . The composition of  claim 2 ,
 wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose.   
     
     
         14 . The composition of  claim 2 ,
 further comprising levulinic acid, wherein a molar ratio of levulinic acid to sugars is between 0.03 and 0.12.   
     
     
         15 . The composition of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron; and 
 less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur. 
   
     
     
         16 . The composition of  claim 15 ,
 wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is a pentose.   
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 15 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         18 . The composition of  claim 15 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         19 . The composition of  claim 15 ,
 wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose.   
     
     
         20 . The composition of  claim 1 ,
 wherein the impurities further comprise:
 sulfur in an amount up to 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition. 
   
     
     
         21 . The composition of  claim 20 ,
 wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is a pentose.   
     
     
         22 . The composition of  claim 20 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         23 . The composition of  claim 20 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise less than 0.25% in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition, of ash; and   wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         24 . The composition of  claim 3 ,
 wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is at least one water-soluble disaccharide hydrolysate; and   wherein the aqueous solution comprises at least 40% dissolved solids.   
     
     
         25 . The composition of  claim 24 ,
 wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         26 . The composition of  claim 24 ,
 wherein the composition comprises at least 70% hemicellulose sugars and 20% to 60% cellulose sugars relative to total sugars.   
     
     
         27 . The composition of  claim 3 ,
 wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         28 . The composition of  claim 3 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron; and 
 less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur; and 
   wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is at least one water-soluble disaccharide hydrolysate.   
     
     
         29 . The composition of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         30 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate selected from:
 (i) a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; or 
 (ii) a monomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate; 
   (b) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate selected from:
 (iii) a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; or 
 (iv) a dimeric or higher oligomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate; and 
   (c) impurities;   wherein the impurities comprise furfural in an amount up to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition; and   wherein the composition is provided as an aqueous solution comprising at least 40% dissolved solids.   
     
     
         31 . The composition of  claim 30 ,
 wherein the impurities further comprise ash in an amount up to 0.25% in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition; and   wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is derived from a lignocellulose substrate.   
     
     
         32 . The composition of  claim 31 ,
 wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         33 . The composition of  claim 31 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         34 . The composition of  claim 31 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from cellobiose, isomaltose, trehalose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         35 . The composition of  claim 31 ,
 wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is present at a concentration of at least 90% in an aqueous solution.   
     
     
         36 . The composition of  claim 31 ,
 wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, or a mixture thereof.   
     
     
         37 . The composition of  claim 31 , wherein at least one of the following is satisfied:
 the ash is present in an amount up to 0.10% by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition;   the impurities comprise less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium;   the impurities comprise less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron;   the impurities comprise less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur.   
     
     
         38 . The composition of  claim 37 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         39 . The composition of  claim 31 ,
 wherein the weight ratio of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate to the ash is greater than 360:1.   
     
     
         40 . The composition of  claim 31 , comprising at least one dimeric hydrolysate. 
     
     
         41 . The composition of  claim 31 ,
 wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose.   
     
     
         42 . The composition of  claim 31 ,
 wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a pentose.   
     
     
         43 . The composition of  claim 31 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         44 . The composition of  claim 31 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron; and 
 less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur; and 
   wherein the ash is present in an amount up to 0.10% by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition; and   wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         45 . The composition of  claim 44 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         46 . The composition of  claim 44 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from cellobiose, isomaltose, trehalose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         47 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate comprising a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate;   (b) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate comprising a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; and   (c) impurities;   wherein the impurities comprise furfural; and   wherein the composition is provided as an aqueous solution.   
     
     
         48 . The composition of  claim 47 , wherein the impurities further comprise ash, and the ash is present in an amount up to 0.66% in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition. 
     
     
         49 . The composition of  claim 48 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is a pentose. 
     
     
         50 . The composition of  claim 48 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         51 . The composition of  claim 50 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         52 . The composition of  claim 48 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is derived from a lignocellulose biomass. 
     
     
         53 . The composition of  claim 48 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is in a dried form. 
     
     
         54 . The composition of  claim 48 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is xylose, arabinose, or a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         55 . The composition of  claim 48 , wherein the impurities comprise less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium. 
     
     
         56 . The composition of  claim 48 , wherein the impurities comprise less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron. 
     
     
         57 . The composition of  claim 48 , wherein the impurities comprise: less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur. 
     
     
         58 . The composition of  claim 48 , wherein the weight ratio of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate to the ash is greater than 360:1. 
     
     
         59 . The composition of  claim 48 , wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose. 
     
     
         60 . The composition of  claim 48 , wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium;   less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron; and   less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur.   
     
     
         61 . The composition of  claim 60 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is a pentose. 
     
     
         62 . The composition of  claim 60 , wherein the impurities comprise Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         63 . The composition of  claim 61 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         64 . The composition of  claim 60 , wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose. 
     
     
         65 . The composition of  claim 93 , wherein the impurities further comprise sulfur in an amount up to 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition. 
     
     
         66 . The composition of  claim 65 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is a pentose. 
     
     
         67 . The composition of  claim 65 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         68 . The composition of  claim 65 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise less than 0.1925% in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition, of ash; and   wherein the impurities comprise Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         69 . The composition of  claim 49 ,
 wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is at least one water-soluble disaccharide hydrolysate; and   wherein the aqueous solution comprises at least 40% dissolved solids.   
     
     
         70 . The composition of  claim 69 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         71 . The composition of  claim 69 , wherein the composition comprises hemicellulose sugars and cellulose sugars relative to total sugars. 
     
     
         72 . The composition of  claim 49 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         73 . The composition of  claim 49 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron; and 
 less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur; and 
   wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is at least one water-soluble disaccharide hydrolysate.   
     
     
         74 . The composition of  claim 48 ,
 wherein the at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         75 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate selected from:
 (i) a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; or 
 (ii) a monomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate; 
   (b) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate selected from:
 (iii) a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; or 
 (iv) a dimeric or higher oligomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate; and 
   (c) impurities;   wherein the impurities comprise furfural; and   wherein the composition is provided as an aqueous solution comprising at least 40% dissolved solids.   
     
     
         76 . The composition of  claim 75 ,
 wherein the impurities further comprise ash in an amount up to 0.1925% in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition; and   wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is derived from a lignocellulose biomass.   
     
     
         77 . The composition of  claim 76 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         78 . The composition of  claim 76 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         79 . The composition of  claim 76 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is at least one C6 disaccharide.   
     
     
         80 . The composition of  claim 76 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is in a dried form. 
     
     
         81 . The composition of  claim 76 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, or a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         82 . The composition of  claim 76 , wherein at least one of the following is satisfied:
 the ash is present in an amount up to 0.1925% by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition;   the impurities comprise less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium;   the impurities comprise less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron;   the impurities comprise less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur.   
     
     
         83 . The composition of  claim 82 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         84 . The composition of  claim 76 , wherein the weight ratio of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate to the ash is greater than 360:1. 
     
     
         85 . The composition of  claim 76 , comprising at least one dimeric hydrolysate. 
     
     
         86 . The composition of  claim 76 , wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose. 
     
     
         87 . The composition of  claim 76 , wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a pentose. 
     
     
         88 . The composition of  claim 76 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         89 . The composition of  claim 76 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron; and 
 less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur; and 
   wherein the ash is present in an amount up to 0.10% by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition; and   wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         90 . The composition of  claim 89 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         91 . The composition of  claim 89 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from cellobiose, isomaltose, trehalose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         92 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate comprising a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate;   (b) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate comprising a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; and   (c) impurities;   wherein the impurities comprise a total amount by weight, based on total weight of the composition, of less than about 6600 ppm of elements Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, TI, V, and Zn when the composition is measured for all of the elements;   wherein the impurities comprise furfural; and   wherein the composition is provided as an aqueous solution.   
     
     
         93 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is a pentose. 
     
     
         94 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein the impurities comprise Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         95 . The composition of  claim 94 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof and the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         96 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is derived from a lignocellulose biomass. 
     
     
         97 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is in a dried form. 
     
     
         98 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is xylose, arabinose, or a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         99 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein the impurities comprise less than 325 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium. 
     
     
         100 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein the impurities comprise less than 420 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron. 
     
     
         101 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein the impurities comprise: less than 4425 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur. 
     
     
         102 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein the weight ratio of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate to the impurities is greater than about 30:1. 
     
     
         103 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose. 
     
     
         104 . The composition of  claim 92 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 325 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 420 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron; and 
 less than 4425 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur. 
   
     
     
         105 . The composition of  claim 104 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is a pentose. 
     
     
         106 . The composition of  claim 104 , wherein the impurities comprise Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         107 . The composition of  claim 104 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         108 . The composition of  claim 104 , wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose. 
     
     
         109 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein the impurities further comprise sulfur in an amount up to 4425 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. 
     
     
         110 . The composition of  claim 109 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is a pentose. 
     
     
         111 . The composition of  claim 109 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         112 . The composition of  claim 109 , wherein the impurities comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         113 . The composition of  claim 93 ,
 wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is at least one water-soluble disaccharide hydrolysate; and   wherein the aqueous solution comprises at least 0.05 wt % dissolved solids or at least 20% dissolved solids.   
     
     
         114 . The composition of  claim 113 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         115 . The composition of  claim 113 , wherein the composition comprises hemicellulose sugars and cellulose sugars. 
     
     
         116 . The composition of  claim 93 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         117 . The composition of  claim 93 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 325 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 420 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron; and 
 less than 4425 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur; and 
   wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is at least one water-soluble disaccharide hydrolysate.   
     
     
         118 . The composition of  claim 92 ,
 wherein the at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         119 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate selected from:
 (i) a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; or 
 (ii) a monomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate; 
   (b) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate selected from:
 (iii) a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; or 
 (iv) a dimeric or higher oligomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate; and 
   (c) impurities;   wherein the impurities comprise a total amount by weight, based on total weight of the composition, of less than about 6600 ppm of elements Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, TI, V, and Zn when the composition is measured for all of the elements;   wherein the impurities comprise furfural; and   wherein the composition is provided as an aqueous solution comprising at least 0.05% dissolved solids or at least 20% dissolved solids, and the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is derived from a lignocellulose biomass.   
     
     
         120 . The composition of  claim 119 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         121 . The composition of  claim 119 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         122 . The composition of  claim 119 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is cellobiose.   
     
     
         123 . The composition of  claim 119 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is present at a concentration of at least 20% in an aqueous solution. 
     
     
         124 . The composition of  claim 119 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, or a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         125 . The composition of  claim 119 , wherein at least one of the following is satisfied:
 the impurities are present in an amount up to 0.1925% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition;   the impurities comprise less than 280 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium;   the impurities comprise less than 5 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron;   the impurities comprise less than 975 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur.   
     
     
         126 . The composition of  claim 125 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         127 . The composition of  claim 119 , wherein the weight ratio of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate to the ash is greater than about 30:1. 
     
     
         128 . The composition of  claim 119 , comprising at least one dimeric hydrolysate. 
     
     
         129 . The composition of  claim 119 , wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose. 
     
     
         130 . The composition of  claim 119 , wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a pentose. 
     
     
         131 . The composition of  claim 119 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         132 . The composition of  claim 119 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 325 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 420 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron; and 
 less than 4425 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur; and 
   wherein the impurities comprise Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         133 . The composition of  claim 132 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         134 . The composition of  claim 132 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is cellobiose.   
     
     
         135 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein the impurities comprise less than 0.08 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium. 
     
     
         136 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein the impurities comprise less than 0.05 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron. 
     
     
         137 . The composition of  claim 92 , wherein the impurities comprise: less than 54.50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur. 
     
     
         138 . The composition of  claim 92 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 0.02 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 0.03 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron; and 
 less than 10.80 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur. 
   
     
     
         139 . The composition of  claim 138 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is a pentose. 
     
     
         140 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate comprising a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate;   (b) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate comprising a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; and   (c) impurities; and   wherein the impurities comprise furfural.   
     
     
         141 . The composition of  claim 140 ,
 wherein the impurities further comprise ash in an amount of less than 2500 ppm in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition.   
     
     
         142 . The composition of  claim 141 ,
 wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates comprises a pentose.   
     
     
         143 . The composition of  claim 141 ,
 wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         144 . The composition of  claim 141 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         145 . The composition of  claim 141 ,
 wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is derived from a lignocellulose substrate.   
     
     
         146 . The composition of  claim 141 , further comprising water. 
     
     
         147 . The composition of  claim 141 ,
 wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is present at a concentration of at least 90% in an aqueous solution.   
     
     
         148 . The composition of  claim 141 ,
 wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is xylose, arabinose, or a mixture thereof.   
     
     
         149 . The composition of  claim 141 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium. 
   
     
     
         150 . The composition of  claim 141 , further comprising:
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron. 
   
     
     
         151 . The composition of  claim 141 , further comprising:
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur. 
   
     
     
         152 . The composition of  claim 141 ,
 wherein the weight ratio of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate to the ash is greater than about 360:1.   
     
     
         153 . The composition of  claim 141 ,
 wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose.   
     
     
         154 . The composition of  claim 141 , wherein:
 at least one of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; and   at least one of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         155 . The composition of  claim 141 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron; and 
 less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur. 
   
     
     
         156 . The composition of  claim 155 ,
 wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates comprises a pentose.   
     
     
         157 . The composition of  claim 155 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         158 . The composition of  claim 155 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         159 . The composition of  claim 155 ,
 wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose.   
     
     
         160 . The composition of  claim 155 , wherein:
 at least one of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; and   at least one of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         161 . The composition of  claim 140 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur.   
     
     
         162 . The composition of  claim 161 ,
 wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates comprises a pentose.   
     
     
         163 . The composition of  claim 161 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         164 . The composition of  claim 161 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise less than 2500 ppm in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition, of ash; and   wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         165 . The composition of  claim 141 ,
 wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate comprising a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate comprises at least one disaccharide hydrolysate;   wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate comprising a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate is a pentose; and   wherein one or more of the water-soluble disaccharide hydrolysates comprises a pentose.   
     
     
         166 . The composition of  claim 165 ,
 wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         167 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate comprising a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate;   (b) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate comprising a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; and   (c) impurities; and   wherein the impurities comprise furfural.   
     
     
         168 . The composition of  claim 167 , wherein the impurities further comprise ash in an amount of less than 6600 ppm in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition. 
     
     
         169 . The composition of  claim 168 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates comprises a pentose. 
     
     
         170 . The composition of  claim 168 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         171 . The composition of  claim 168 , wherein: the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof and the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         172 . The composition of  claim 168 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is derived from a lignocellulose biomass. 
     
     
         173 . The composition of  claim 168 , further comprising water. 
     
     
         174 . The composition of  claim 168 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is in a dried form. 
     
     
         175 . The composition of  claim 168 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is xylose, arabinose, or a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         176 . The composition of  claim 168 , wherein the impurities comprise less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium. 
     
     
         177 . The composition of  claim 168 , further comprising wherein the impurities comprise less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron. 
     
     
         178 . The composition of  claim 168 , further comprising wherein the impurities comprise less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur. 
     
     
         179 . The composition of  claim 168 , wherein the weight ratio of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate to the ash is greater than about 360:1. 
     
     
         180 . The composition of  claim 168 , wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose. 
     
     
         181 . The composition of  claim 168 , wherein:
 at least one of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; and   at least one of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         182 . The composition of  claim 168 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron; and 
 less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur. 
   
     
     
         183 . The composition of  claim 182 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates comprises a pentose. 
     
     
         184 . The composition of  claim 182 , wherein the impurities comprise Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         185 . The composition of  claim 182 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         186 . The composition of  claim 182 , wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose. 
     
     
         187 . The composition of  claim 182 , wherein:
 at least one of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; and   at least one of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         188 . The composition of  claim 167 , wherein the impurities comprise less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur. 
     
     
         189 . The composition of  claim 188 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates comprises a pentose. 
     
     
         190 . The composition of  claim 188 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         191 . The composition of  claim 188 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise less than 2500 ppm in total by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition, of ash; and   wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         192 . The composition of  claim 169 ,
 wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate comprises at least one disaccharide hydrolysate that comprises a pentose.   
     
     
         193 . The composition of  claim 192 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         194 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least one water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate comprising a monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate;   (b) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate comprising a dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; and   (c) impurities;   wherein the impurities comprise a total amount by weight, based on total weight of the composition, of less than about 6600 ppm of elements Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, TI, V, and Zn when the composition is measured for all of the elements; and   wherein the impurities comprise furfural.   
     
     
         195 . The composition of  claim 194 , wherein the impurities comprise ash in an amount of less than 1925 ppm in total by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. 
     
     
         196 . The composition of  claim 195 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates comprises a pentose. 
     
     
         197 . The composition of  claim 194 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         198 . The composition of  claim 195 , wherein: the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof and the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         199 . The composition of  claim 194 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is derived from a lignocellulose biomass. 
     
     
         200 . The composition of  claim 194 , further comprising water. 
     
     
         201 . The composition of  claim 194 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is present at a concentration of at least 20% in an aqueous solution. 
     
     
         202 . The composition of  claim 195 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is xylose, arabinose, or a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         203 . The composition of  claim 194 , wherein the impurities comprise less than 325 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium. 
     
     
         204 . The composition of  claim 195 , wherein the impurities comprise less than 280 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium. 
     
     
         205 . The composition of  claim 194 , further comprising wherein the impurities comprise less than 420 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron. 
     
     
         206 . The composition of  claim 195 , further comprising wherein the impurities comprise less than 5 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron. 
     
     
         207 . The composition of  claim 194 , further comprising wherein the impurities comprise less than 4425 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur. 
     
     
         208 . The composition of  claim 195 , further comprising wherein the impurities comprise less than 975 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur. 
     
     
         209 . The composition of  claim 168 , wherein the weight ratio of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate to the ash is greater than about 30:1. 
     
     
         210 . The composition of  claim 194 , wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose. 
     
     
         211 . The composition of  claim 194 , wherein:
 at least one of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; and   at least one of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         212 . The composition of  claim 194 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 325 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 420 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron; and 
 less than 4425 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur. 
   
     
     
         213 . The composition of  claim 195 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 280 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 5 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron; and 
   less than 975 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur.   
     
     
         214 . The composition of  claim 213 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates comprises a pentose. 
     
     
         215 . The composition of  claim 213 , wherein the impurities comprise Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         216 . The composition of  claim 213 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         217 . The composition of  claim 212 , wherein one or more of the hydrolysates is a hexose. 
     
     
         218 . The composition of  claim 212 , wherein:
 at least one of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is selected from glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof; and   at least one of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of glucose, mannose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         219 . The composition of  claim 194 , wherein the impurities comprise less than 4425 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur. 
     
     
         220 . The composition of  claim 194 , wherein the impurities comprise less than 975 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur. 
     
     
         221 . The composition of  claim 220 , wherein one or more of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates is a pentose and one or more of the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysates comprises a pentose. 
     
     
         222 . The composition of  claim 220 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysate is selected from xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate is selected from a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         223 . The composition of  claim 219 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise less than 1434 ppm in total by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of ash; and   wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         224 . The composition of  claim 196 , wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hydrolysate comprises at least one disaccharide hydrolysate that comprises a pentose. 
     
     
         225 . The composition of  claim 224 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         226 . The composition of  claim 194 , wherein the impurities further comprise ash in an amount of less than 1434 ppm in total by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. 
     
     
         227 . The composition of  claim 226 , wherein the impurities comprise less than 0.08 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium. 
     
     
         228 . The composition of  claim 226 , further comprising wherein the impurities comprise less than 0.05 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron. 
     
     
         229 . The composition of  claim 226 , further comprising wherein the impurities comprise less than 54.50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur. 
     
     
         230 . The composition of  claim 226 ,
 wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 0.08 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium; 
 less than 0.05 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron; and 
 less than 54.50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur. 
   
     
     
         231 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least one water-soluble monomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate;   (b) at least one water-soluble monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate;   (c) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; and   (d) impurities,   wherein the impurities comprise less than 2500 ppm in total by weight relative to the total solids in the composition, of ash.   
     
     
         232 . The composition of  claim 231 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         233 . The composition of  claim 232 , further comprising at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate. 
     
     
         234 . The composition of  claim 233 , wherein the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate is selected from one of cellobiose, isomaltose, trehalose, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         235 . The composition of  claim 232 , further comprising glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         236 . The composition of  claim 232 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates are derived from a lignocellulose biomass. 
     
     
         237 . The composition of  claim 232 , further comprising water. 
     
     
         238 . The composition of  claim 232 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates are present at a concentration of at least 360 g/L in an aqueous solution. 
     
     
         239 . The composition of  claim 232 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate is glucose. 
     
     
         240 . The composition of  claim 232 , wherein at least one of the following is satisfied:
 the impurities comprise less than 1000 ppm by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition, of ash;   the impurities comprise less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium;   the impurities comprise less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron;   the impurities comprise less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur.   
     
     
         241 . The composition of  claim 240 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate is selected from one of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate is selected from one of a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         242 . The composition of  claim 232 , wherein the weight ratio of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates to the ash is greater than about 360:1. 
     
     
         243 . The composition of  claim 231 , wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of calcium;   less than 1 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of iron; and   less than 50 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the total solids in the composition, of sulfur.   
     
     
         244 . The composition of  claim 243 , wherein the impurities comprise Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         245 . The composition of  claim 243 , further comprising at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate. 
     
     
         246 . The composition of  claim 245 , wherein the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate is selected from one of cellobiose, isomaltose, trehalose, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         247 . The composition of  claim 243 , further comprising glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         248 . The composition of  claim 243 ,
 wherein the ash is present in an amount of less than 1000 ppm by weight, relative to the total solids in the composition, of ash; and   wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         249 . The composition of  claim 232 , comprising at least one dimeric hydrolysate. 
     
     
         250 . The composition of  claim 232 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate is selected from one of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate is selected from one of a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         251 . The composition of  claim 232 , wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate is a disaccharide hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate. 
     
     
         252 . A composition, comprising:
 at least one water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate;   at least one water-soluble C5 monosaccharide hydrolysate;   at least one water-soluble C5 oligosaccharide hydrolysate having a degree of polymerization of about 2 to about 10; and   impurities, wherein the impurities comprise less than about 2500 ppm in total by weight of ash.   
     
     
         253 . The composition of  claim 252 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         254 . The composition of  claim 253 , wherein the water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is extracted from lignocellulosic biomass. 
     
     
         255 . The composition of  claim 253 , further comprising water. 
     
     
         256 . The composition of  claim 253 , wherein the water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is present at a concentration of at least 360 g/L. 
     
     
         257 . The composition of  claim 253 , wherein the water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, or a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         258 . The composition of  claim 253 , wherein the impurities comprise at least one of:
 less than about 1 ppm by weight of calcium;   less than about 1 ppm by weight of iron; and   less than about 50 ppm by weight of sulfur.   
     
     
         259 . The composition of  claim 253 , wherein the weight ratio of the water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate to the elements is greater than about 360:1. 
     
     
         260 . The composition of  claim 252 , wherein the impurities comprise at least one of:
 less than about 1 ppm by weight of calcium;   less than about 1 ppm by weight of iron; and   less than about 50 ppm by weight of sulfur.   
     
     
         261 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least one water-soluble monomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate;   (b) at least one water-soluble monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate;   (c) at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate; and   (d) impurities   wherein the impurities comprise less than 6600 ppm in total by weight based on the total weight of the composition, of ash.   
     
     
         262 . The composition of  claim 261 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         263 . The composition of  claim 262 , further comprising at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate. 
     
     
         264 . The composition of  claim 263 , wherein the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate is cellobiose. 
     
     
         265 . The composition of  claim 262 , further comprising glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         266 . The composition of  claim 262 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates are derived from a lignocellulose biomass. 
     
     
         267 . The composition of  claim 262 , further comprising water. 
     
     
         268 . The composition of  claim 262 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates are present at a concentration of at least 0.5 g/L in an aqueous solution. 
     
     
         269 . The composition of  claim 262 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate is glucose. 
     
     
         270 . The composition of  claim 262 , wherein at least one of the following is satisfied:
 the impurities comprise less than 1950 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of ash;   the impurities comprise less than 325 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium;   the impurities comprise less than 420 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron;   the impurities comprise less than 4425 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur.   
     
     
         271 . The composition of  claim 270 , wherein:
 the water-soluble monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate is selected from one of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and   the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate is selected from one of a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         272 . The composition of  claim 262 , wherein the weight ratio of the water-soluble monomeric hydrolysates to the ash is greater than about 30:1. 
     
     
         273 . The composition of  claim 261 , wherein the impurities comprise:
 less than 325 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of calcium;   less than 420 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of iron; and   less than 4425 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfur.   
     
     
         274 . The composition of  claim 273 , wherein the impurities comprise Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         275 . The composition of  claim 273 , further comprising at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate. 
     
     
         276 . The composition of  claim 275 , wherein the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric cellulose sugar hydrolysate is cellobiose. 
     
     
         277 . The composition of  claim 273 , further comprising glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         278 . The composition of  claim 273 ,
 wherein the ash is present in an amount of less than 1950 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of ash;   wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si.   
     
     
         279 . The composition of  claim 262 , comprising at least one dimeric hydrolysate. 
     
     
         280 . The composition of  claim 262 , wherein the water-soluble monomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate is selected from one of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof; and
 the water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate is selected from one of a dimer or higher oligomer of xylose, arabinose, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         281 . The composition of  claim 262 , wherein the at least one water-soluble dimeric or higher oligomeric hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate is a disaccharide hemicellulose sugar hydrolysate. 
     
     
         282 . A composition, comprising:
 at least one water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate;   at least one water-soluble C5 monosaccharide hydrolysate;   at least one water-soluble C5 oligosaccharide hydrolysate having a degree of polymerization of about 2 to about 10; and   impurities, wherein the impurities comprise less than about 6600 ppm in total by weight of ash based on total weight of the composition.   
     
     
         283 . The composition of  claim 282 , wherein the ash comprises Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, and Si. 
     
     
         284 . The composition of  claim 283 , wherein the water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is extracted from lignocellulosic biomass. 
     
     
         285 . The composition of  claim 283 , further comprising water. 
     
     
         286 . The composition of  claim 283 , wherein the water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is present at a concentration of at least 0.5 g/L. 
     
     
         287 . The composition of  claim 283 , wherein the water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate is glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, or a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         288 . The composition of  claim 283 , wherein the impurities comprise at least one of:
 less than about 325 ppm by weight of calcium based on total weight of the composition;   less than about 420 ppm by weight of iron based on total weight of the composition; and   less than about 4425 ppm by weight of sulfur based on total weight of the composition.   
     
     
         289 . The composition of  claim 283 , wherein the weight ratio of the water-soluble C6 monosaccharide hydrolysate to the elements is greater than about 30:1. 
     
     
         290 . The composition of  claim 282 , wherein the impurities comprise at least one of:
 less than about 325 ppm by weight of calcium based on total weight of the composition;   less than about 420 ppm by weight of iron based on total weight of the composition; and   less than about 4425 ppm by weight of sulfur based on total weight of the composition.   
     
     
         291 . The composition of  claim 283 , wherein the impurities comprise at least one of:
 less than about 0.08 ppm by weight of calcium based on total weight of the composition;   less than about 0.05 ppm by weight of iron based on total weight of the composition; and   less than about 54.50 ppm by weight of sulfur based on total weight of the composition.   
     
     
         292 . The composition of  claim 282 , wherein the impurities comprise at least one of:
 less than about 0.08 ppm by weight of calcium based on total weight of the composition;   less than about 0.05 ppm by weight of iron based on total weight of the composition; and   less than about 54.50 ppm by weight of sulfur based on total weight of the composition.