Treated Biodiesel Glycerin

Abstract

Disclosed are compositions that include treated biodiesel glycerin. The disclosed compositions may be utilized as soil-amendments for controlling pests, weeds and for enhancing growth of plants. The biodiesel glycerin utilized in the disclosed compositions may be treated by one or more steps including neutralization, heating, refluxing, condensing, and distilling.

We claim: 
     
         1 . A soil-amendment composition for controlling soil-bourne pests, the composition comprising:
 (a) an effective amount of a treated crude glycerin composition, wherein the crude glycerin composition is obtained as a by-product of a reaction mixture for producing biodiesel fuel and the crude glycerin composition is treated by:
 (i) adjusting the pH of the crude glycerin composition to about 4.0-6.8 to obtain a neutralized composition; and 
 (ii) removing an insoluble precipitate from the neutralized composition; 
 thereby obtaining the treated crude glycerin composition; and 
   (b) an effective amount of a nitrogen source;   
       wherein the composition has a molar ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen (C:N) of about (22.4-5.6):1. 
     
     
         2 . The soil-amendment composition of  claim 1 , wherein the crude glycerin composition is further treated by:
 (iii) heating the neutralized composition; and   (iv) removing a volatile distillate fraction from the neutralized composition;   thereby obtaining the treated crude glycerin composition.   
     
     
         3 . The soil-amendment composition of  claim 2 , wherein the crude glycerin composition is further treated by:
 (v) refluxing the neutralized composition; and   (vi) distilling and collecting a volatile distillate fraction;   
       thereby obtaining the treated crude glycerin composition. 
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the soil-bourne pests are parasitic nematodes. 
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition is effective for reducing parasitic nematodes by at least about 50% when applied at an application rate of about 1 ml/kg soil. 
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition does not reduce microbivorous nematodes by more than about 50% when applied at an application rate of about 1 ml/kg soil. 
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture for producing biodiesel fuel comprises:
 (a) animal fat, vegetable oil, or a mixture thereof;   (b) a base, wherein the reaction mixture has a pH of at least about 11; and   (c) an alcohol selected from a group consisting of methanol, ethanol, and a mixture thereof.   
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 7 , wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of NaOH, KOH, NaOCH 3  and KOCH 3 . 
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein prior to being treated the crude glycerin composition comprises:
 (a) about 65-85% glycerin;   (b) acrolein;   (c) monoglycerides; and   (d) alcohol;   
       and the crude glycerin composition has a pH of greater than about 11. 
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the treated crude glycerin composition comprises:
 (a) about 65-85% glycerin;   (b) acrolein; and   (c) no more than about 5% monoglycerides.   
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 2 , wherein the treated crude glycerin composition comprises:
 (a) about 65-85% glycerin;   (b) acrolein; and   (c) no more than about 5% alcohol.   
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the treated crude glycerin composition comprises:
 (a) about 65-85% glycerin; and   (b) at least about 5% acrolein.   
     
     
         13 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein adjusting the pH of the crude glycerin composition to about 4.0-6.8 comprises adding acid to the composition. 
     
     
         14 . The composition of  claim 13 , wherein the acid is an organic acid. 
     
     
         15 . The composition of  claim 14 , wherein the organic acid is a carboxylic acid selected from a group consisting of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid or a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         16 . The composition of  claim 13 , wherein the acid is an inorganic acid selected from a group consisting of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. 
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 13 , wherein the acid is a mixture of a carboxylic acid and phosphoric acid. 
     
     
         18 . The composition of  claim 2 , wherein heating comprises heating the neutralized composition to a temperature of at least about 90° C. under vacuum. 
     
     
         19 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein refluxing comprises heating the neutralized composition to a temperature of about 200-300° C. 
     
     
         20 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen source comprises urea, casein, or a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         21 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the crude glycerin composition further is treated by reacting the composition with sodium bisulfate or potassium bisulfate. 
     
     
         22 . The composition of  claim 1 , further comprising sulfur. 
     
     
         23 . A method for preparing a soil-amendment composition for controlling soil-bourne pests, the method comprising combining:
 (a) an effective amount of a treated crude glycerin composition, wherein the crude glycerin composition is obtained as a by-product of a reaction mixture for producing biodiesel fuel and the crude glycerin composition is treated by:
 (i) adjusting the pH of the crude glycerin composition to about 4.0-6.8 to obtain a neutralized composition; and 
 (ii) removing an insoluble precipitate from the neutralized composition; 
 thereby obtaining the treated crude glycerin composition; and 
   (b) an effective amount of an organic nitrogen source;   
       wherein the composition has a molar ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen (C:N) of about (22.4-5.6):1. 
     
     
         24 . A method for preparing a soil-amendment composition for controlling soil-bourne pests, the method comprising:
 (a) adjusting the pH of a crude glycerin composition to about 4.0-6.8 to obtain a neutralized composition; wherein the crude glycerin composition is obtained as a by-product of a reaction mixture for producing biodiesel fuel;   (b) removing an insoluble precipitate from the neutralized composition, thereby obtaining a treated crude glycerin composition; and   (c) combining an effective amount of the treated crude glycerin composition and an effective amount of an organic nitrogen source such that the composition has a molar ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen (C:N) of about (22.4-5.6):1.   
     
     
         25 . A method for controlling soil-bourne pests comprising applying a liquid soil-amendment composition at an application rate of at least about  1  ml/kg soil, the soil-amendment composition comprising:
 (a) an effective amount of a treated crude glycerin composition, wherein the crude glycerin composition is obtained as a by-product of a reaction mixture for producing biodiesel fuel and the crude glycerin composition is treated by:
 (i) adjusting the pH of the crude glycerin composition to about 4.0-6.8 to obtain a neutralized composition; and 
 (ii) removing an insoluble precipitate from the neutralized composition; 
 
 
       thereby obtaining the treated crude glycerin composition; and
 (b) an effective amount of an organic nitrogen source; 
 
       wherein the composition has a molar ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen (C:N) of about (22.4-5.6):1.