Borehole Flow Modulator and Inverted Seismic Source Generating System

Abstract

The present invention relates to the vertical seismic profiling (VSP) of geological formations in which profiling is used to obtain information for performing precise interpretations of geophysical seismic data and better understanding of geophysical information. The disclosure involves using a sound source for generating primary and secondary seismic pulses within well boreholes. The seismic profiling system obtains information regarding a geological formation traversed by a borehole with controllable downhole seismic pulse generators with drill string tool(s). The tool(s) have contact with and are coupled to the formation. A seismic pulsing device (SPD) is attached to a portion of the drill string and a valve controller is used to control opening and closing the valve causing high amplitude short duration ultra-wide band pressure pulses, generating primary seismic waves sent into surrounding geological formations. This generates secondary seismic waves received that can be detected by geophones or similar devices.

1 . A seismic profiling system that obtains information regarding a geological formation traversed by a borehole having borehole fluid therein, said system comprising:
 one or more controllable downhole seismic pulse generators) (SPG) comprising drill string tool(s), said tool(s) coupled to said formation, a seismic pulsing device attached to a portion of a drill string of said drill string tool(s) wherein said pulsing device comprises a fluid modulator with an actuator that drives a valve, and a valve controller to control said valve such that when said valve is initially in the open position, the flow of the borehole fluid passes through said seismic pulse generator such that a seismic signal is generated when one or more valves that generate seismic pulses is initially closed and subsequently opened, thereby creating a primary wave and simultaneously creating a secondary wave.   
     
     
         2 . The seismic profiling system of  claim 1 , wherein said primary wave comprises a positive initial pressure pulse and a subsequent negative pressure pulse above said valve and wherein said secondary wave comprises a negative initial pressure pulse with a subsequent positive pressure pulse below said valve and the amplitude of said primary wave and said secondary wave is determined by; the length of time that the valves are opened and closed; the frequency of opening and closing said valves, and the speed at which said valves are opened or closed thereby providing said seismic signal capable of creating a pressure pulse of at least 200 pounds per square inch with at least 1 watt of energy. 
     
     
         3 . The seismic profiling system of  claim 2 , wherein said mechanical advantage is accomplished by closing an inner valve by engaging said actuator causing closing of an inner flow channel and redirecting the drilling fluid into a valve housing such that when said valve closes sealing off said drilling fluid from below said SPG, thus creating the seismic wave which provides a very unique, distinct, and detectable wave signature. 
     
     
         4 . The seismic profiling system of  claim 3 , wherein said primary wave and said secondary wave can be generated from downhole, while drilling, propagates in all directions depending on location within the formation, and is not substantially dampened in comparison with seismic pulse generators located on the surface providing a signal resolution that precisely defines and locates the formation of interest. 
     
     
         5 . The seismic profiling system of  claim 2 , comprising one or more geophones, hydrophones or seismic sensing devices for receiving seismic waves, located in any or all of the following locations,
 on or near the surface of said formation, witiin the borehole, and/or nearby boreholes, and/or on the drill string;   a recording device for recording the signals received by said geophones, hydrophones, or seismic sensing devices, and,   an analysis system for analyzing and determining the source location of said primary and secondary seismic waves in spatial relation to sad nearby wellbores.   
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said flow modulator is a valve. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said actuator is a motor, a solenoid, a torquer, a piezoelectric drive, a magnetostrictive drive, hydraulic drive, or a pneumatic drive, or any combination of a motor, a solenoid, a torquer, a piezoelectric drive, a magnetostrictive drive, hydraulic drive, or a pneumatic drive. 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said valve controller is connected to said actuator and wherein said valve controller through said actuator is equipped with electro-mechanical capability that opens and closes said valve within desired intervals, rates, and amplitudes to ensure said valve can be controlled to produce any desired seismic pressure pulse. 
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said system provides seismic pressure pulses of a desired and specific amplitude and frequency and width such that precision timing control of said flow modulator produces said primary and secondary seismic waves. 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said flow modulator and said controller provides for an open time which indicates the amount of time said flow modulator remains in the open position and an associated dwell time, rise time, and fall time, such that the amplitude of the seismic pressure pulse is controllable to ensure optimization of seismic wave generation from said seismic pressure pulse(s). 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said flow modulator valve is adjusted to ensure obtaining independent control of initial and subsequent waves by controlling pulse generation such that said initial waves are increased in size when said valve is closed rapidly and said subsequent waves are increased size when said valve is opened rapidly. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein a resonance of said flow modulator is operated in cooperative resonance with a resonance of said geological formation such that the resonance of said flow modulator and said formation is synchronized, thereby coupling energy from said pulse generators with said formation and increasing the amplitude of said seismic pulse and corresponding waves by at least one or more orders of magnitude. 
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 1  wherein a decoupling tool is employed within said drill string to decouple said pulsing device from any other device positioned above or below said pulsing device allowing for more efficient mechanical energy transfer from said fluid into said geological formation. 
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said system utilizes a reference signal for initial identification of said seismic waves and assists the analysis system by improving overall signal to noise ratios and also allowing for controlling of the exact timing necessary to provide wave signatures. 
     
     
         15 . The system of  claim 14 , wherein the first arrival of a seismic wave and associated waveform is received uphole and is compared to a second and subsequent set of waves and associated waveforms received uphole at a later time such that a sweep of signals over the entire time period of generating said pulses and receiving said waves or waveforms at any location near or in the well allows for analyzing changes or distortions in size and shape of said waves or waveforms indicating anomalies within said formation wherein said wave signatures are based upon waves originally propagated from said seismic pulse generators. 
     
     
         16 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein a sensor is used to sense said seismic signal, seismic waves or waveform or waveforms at or near the surface of the borehole for correlation utilizing a reference signal for initial identification of the initial and subsequent seismic waves and assists the analysis system to improve overall signal to noise ratios allowing for controlling for providing wave signatures with specific desired lime intervals. 
     
     
         17 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said pulse amplitude, frequency, and width are developed by seismic pressure pulses of a magnitude sufficient to provide seismic information that is easily detectable and analyzable regarding said geological formation, and wherein said seismic pressure pulses developed is greater than 500 psi. 
     
     
         18 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said flow modulator is closed within 50-150 milliseconds. 
     
     
         19 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said flow modulator is held open for no less than 50 milliseconds and up to 5 seconds. 
     
     
         20 . The system of  claim 1  wherein said flow modulator resides in an annular area of drilling fluid and comprises a flow diverter as a basis for an upper flow channel and wherein said flow diverter comprises a main flow orifice that is a passageway in fluid communication between said upper flow channel and a middle flow channel and a main valve seat, wherein said main valve seat provides an intertacial area for the main valve when said main valve is in a closed position such that a main valve face contacts, closes, and seals a main flow orifice, thereby stopping fluid communication between said upper flow channel and said middle flow channel. 
     
     
         21 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein when said main valve in an open position said open position allows drilling fluid to flow into and through a pilot flow channel, pilot orifice, a pilot flow exit passage and into a lower flow channel such that said main valve is held in the open position by the force of a main valve return spring. 
     
     
         22 . The system of  claim 21 , wherein simultaneously said drilling fluid also flows into said upper flow channel formed by said flow diverter, past said main flow orifice into said middle flow channel and allows fluid to continue to said lower flow channel and then to into the bottom of the wellbore such that said main valve pressure chamber pressure is lower than the pressure of said drilling fluid and said main valve return spring allows continued fluid communication with said main flow orifice and said upper flow channel and said middle flow channel. 
     
     
         23 . The system of  claim 20 , wherein when closing said main valve, a pilot valve is urged by a controller to move upward, restricting the flow of drilling fluid through said pilot orifice and wherein a pilot valve face contacts said pilot valve seat, closing said pilot orifice, stopping the flow of drilling fluid through said pilot orifice, forcing some of said drilling fluid into a pilot flow exit passage and diverting some drilling fluid into a pilot flow channel and then further into a main valve pressure port(s) which allows for filling a main valve pressure chamber, thereby creating pressure within a main valve pressure chamber that is greater than the pressure of said drilling fluid in the upper flow channel and the main valve return spring. 
     
     
         24 . The system of  claim 23 , wherein as said drilling fluid in said main valve pressure chamber increases, a main valve moves downward along a pilot flow lube toward said main flow orifice and said main valve seat such that movement of said main valve causes the volume of said main valve pressure chamber lo increase allowing maintenance of constant pressure under volumetric expansion. 
     
     
         25 . The system of  claim 24 , wherein when said main valve moves downward to ensure that said main valve face initiates contact with said main valve seat said main flow orifice is closed, thereby stopping drilling fluid flow between said upper flow channel and said middle flow channel. 
     
     
         26 . The system of  claim 25 , wherein when contact between said main valve face and said valve seat occurs all drilling fluid is stopped within said flow modulator and thereby creating a primary pressure pulse. 
     
     
         27 . The system of  claim 26 , wherein said primary pressure pulse is transmitted through said drilling fluid uphole, as well as through a drill collar, as a subsequent primary seismic shock, such that said shock further extends into the strata of the geological formation(s). 
     
     
         28 . The system of  claim 27 . wherein said primary pressure pulse and subsequent primary seismic shock are sensed, recorded and analyzed via seismic sensing and monitoring instrumentation and wherein said seismic sensing and monitoring instrumentation may be located in the same well bore drill string, on the surface, or in nearby boreholes. 
     
     
         29 . The system of  claim 28 , wherein increased pressure within the drill collar straightens the entire drill string and, with an uphole drill string secured, forces a downhole drill string into the rockface, thereby enhancing movement of a cutting tool into said rockface. 
     
     
         30 . An apparatus, in combination with a measurement while drilling (MWD) device, for generating pressure pulses in a drilling fluid, flowing within a drill string, comprising:
 a flow modulation device longitudinally positioned within a drill collar flow channel such that drilling fluid flowing through said drill collar flows through a main flow orifice is proceeded by a main valve body; said main valve body comprising a pilot flow tube with a pilot flow channel, pilot valve, pilot orifice, and a main valve body land axially and centrally located therein, and;   a linearly moveable main ring valve axially located and in interference with and external to said main valve body, said ring valve, and said main valve body land, wherein said apparatus forms a main valve pressure chamber in fluid communication with said pilot flow channel through a main valve pressure port, and,   wherein said pilot valve is urged to close against said pilot orifice thereby stopping flow of said drilling fluid within said pilot flow channel such that said drilling fluid fills said main valve pressure chamber axially urging said ring valve against said main valve body closing off said main flow orifice resulting in stopping said drilling fluid flow, thereby generating and transmitting a primary pressure pulse.   
     
     
         31 . The apparatus of  claim 30 , wherein when said pilot valve is urged to open said pilot orifice, drilling fluid is released from said main valve pressure chamber, urging said ring valve from said main flow orifice, resulting in generation and transmission of a secondary pressure pulse. 
     
     
         32 . The apparatus of  claim 30 , wherein said main valve body is centrally and axially located in a stationary position within said drill string. 
     
     
         33 . The apparatus of  claim 30  wherein said primary pressure pulse and said secondary pressure pulse is transmitted within said drilling fluid and is external to said drill string and said primary pressure pulse is subsequently sensed by instrumentation. 
     
     
         34 . The apparatus of  claim 30 , wherein said primary pressure pulse is a result of closing said main flow orifice, thereby creating an increasing pressure differential between said drilling fluid in said upper flow channel and said drilling fluid in said middle flow channel. 
     
     
         35 . The apparatus of  claim 30 , wherein said secondary pressure pulse results from opening said main flow orifice and creating a decreasing pressure differential between said drilling fluid in said upper flow channel and said drilling fluid in said middle flow channel. 
     
     
         36 . The apparatus of  claim 30 , wherein said flow modulator and controller provide an opening of said main ring valve that provides the specific amount of time said main ring valve remains in the open position and an associated dwell time, rise time, and fall time, such that the amplitude of said primary pressure pulse is controllable. 
     
     
         37 . The apparatus of  claim 30 , wherein said flow modulator valve is adjustable, thereby allowing independent control of said primary pulse and said secondary pulse wherein controlling pulse generation also occurs such that said primary pulse is increased in size and number when said main ring valve is closed rapidly and said secondary pulse is increased in number and reduced in size when said main ring valve is closed slowly. 
     
     
         38 . The apparatus of  claim 30 , wherein said main ring valve is closed within 50-150 milliseconds. 
     
     
         39 . The apparatus of  claim 30 , wherein said main ring valve is held open for no less than 50 milliseconds and no greater than 5 seconds. 
     
     
         40 . An apparatus, in combination with a measurement while drilling (MWD) device, for generating seismic pressure pulses in a drilling fluid, flowing within a drill string, comprising:
 a flow modulation device longitudinally positioned within a drill collar flow channel such that drilling fluid flowing through said drill collar flows through a gate web comprising a main flow channel, gate valve, gate seat, web locator, pilot flow channel, pilot valve, pilot orifice, valve actuator guide and pressure chamber land, and;   said gate valve comprises a valve actuator, valve pressure chamber and guide bore axially and centrally located in said drill collar, and wherein said valve pressure chamber is in fluid communication with said pilot flow channel such that when said pilot valve is urged to close against said pilot orifice flow is of said drilling fluid is stopped within said pilot flow channel resulting in filling of said drilling fluid in said valve pressure chamber occurs thus axially urging said valve actuator and said gate valve through said web locator forcing gate valve contact with said gate seat, resulting in stopping the flow of said drilling fluid in said main flow channel, resulting in generation and transmission of a primary pressure pulse.   
     
     
         41 . The apparatus of  claim 40 , wherein said pilot valve is urged away from said pilot orifice, releasing said drilling fluid from said valve pressure chamber, said valve actuator urging said gate valve away from said gate seat, thereby generating and transmitting a secondary pressure pulse, wherein said valve actuator guide is a solid rod and said guide bore comprises a channel with a closed end. 
     
     
         42 . The apparatus of  claim 40 , wherein said gate valve is centrally and axially located in a linearly moveable position within said drill string. 
     
     
         43 . The apparatus of  claim 40  wherein said primary pressure pulse and said secondary pressure pulse is transmitted within said drilling fluid and is external to said drill string and wherein said primary pressure pulse is sensed by instrumentation. 
     
     
         44 . The apparatus of  claim 40 , wherein said primary pressure pulse is a result of closing said main flow channel creating an increasing pressure differential between said drilling fluid in said upper flow channel and said drilling fluid in said main flow channel. 
     
     
         45 . The apparatus of  claim 40 , wherein said secondary pressure pulse is a result of opening said main flow channel thus creating a decreasing pressure differential between said drilling fluid in said upper flow channel and said drilling fluid in said main flow channel. 
     
     
         46 . The apparatus of  claim 40 , wherein said flow modulator and controller ensure gate valve opening within an designated amount of time such that said gate valve remains in the open position with an associated dwell time, rise time, and fall time, such that the amplitude of said primary pressure pulse is controllable for seismic wave generation. 
     
     
         47 . The apparatus of  claim 40 , wherein said flow modulator valve is adjustable, thereby allowing independent control of said primary pulse and said secondary pulse wherein controlling pulse generation also occurs such that said primary pulse is increased in size and number when said main ring valve is closed rapidly and said secondary pulse is increased in number and reduced in size when said main ring valve is closed slowly. 
     
     
         48 . The apparatus of  claim 40 , wherein said main ring valve is closed within 50-150 milliseconds. 
     
     
         49 . The apparatus of  claim 40 , wherein said main ring valve is held open for no less than 50 milliseconds and no greater than 5 seconds. 
     
     
         50 . An apparatus, in combination with a measurement while drilling (MWD) device, for generating seismic pressure pulses in a drilling fluid, flowing within a drill siring, comprising:
 a flow modulation device longitudinally positioned within a drill collar flow channel such that drilling fluid flowing through said drill collar flows through a valve orifice, within a piston housing;   said piston housing comprising a controllable flapper valve in contact with said valve orifice, said flapper valve having a rotational pivot located perpendicular to the axis of the drill collar and attached to said piston housing and a flapper valve actuation arm acted upon by a piston rod attached to a piston longitudinally positioned within a sel of chambers, wherein said piston rod is moveable within a piston relief chamber and wherein said piston pressure chamber includes an upper piston surface within said chamber such that said piston relief chamber is in fluid communication with a lower flow channel and said piston pressure relief chamber is in fluid communication with said pilot flow channel, said pilot flow channel comprising a pilot orifice and a pilot valve, and;   wherein when said pilot valve is urged to close against said pilot orifice flow of said drilling fluid is stopped within said pilot flow channel such that said drilling fluid fills said piston pressure chamber and such that said piston with said piston rod contacts said flapper valve actuation arm thereby rotating said flapper valve against said piston housing resulting in closing said valve orifice which generates and transmits a primarv pressure pulse.   
     
     
         51 . The apparatus of  claim 50 , wherein when said pilot valve is forced to open said pilot orifice resulting in releasing of said drilling fluid from said piston pressure chamber, the pressure of said drilling fluid flow opens said valve orifice, thereby generating and transmitting a secondary pressure pulse. 
     
     
         52 . The apparatus of  claim 50  wherein said primary pressure pulse and said secondary pressure pulse is transmitted within said drilling fluid and is external to said drill string and wherein said primary pressure pulse is sensed by instrumentation. 
     
     
         53 . The apparatus of  claim 50 , wherein said primary pressure pulse is generated by closing said valve orifice, thus creating an increasing pressure differential between said drilling fluid in said upper flow channel and said drilling fluid in said lower flow channel. 
     
     
         54 . The apparatus of  claim 50 , wherein said secondary pressure pulse is generated by said valve orifice creating a decreasing pressure differential between said drilling fluid in said upper flow channel and said drilling fluid in said lower flow channel. 
     
     
         55 . The apparatus of  claim 50 , wherein said flow modulator and controller include a flapper valve that remains open for a predetermined time period as well as associated dwell time, rise time, and fall time ensuring that the amplitude of said primary pressure pulse is controllable for seismic wave generation. 
     
     
         56 . The apparatus of  claim 50 , wherein said flow modulator valve is adjusted to obtain independent control of said primary pulse and said secondary pulse by controlling pulse generation such that said primary pulse is increased in size and number when said flapper valve is closed rapidly and said secondary pulse is increased in number and reduced in size when said flapper valve is closed slowly. 
     
     
         57 . The apparatus of  claim 50 , wherein said flapper valve is closed within 50-150 milliseconds. 
     
     
         58 . The apparatus of  claim 50 , wherein said flapper valve is held open for no less than 50 milliseconds and up to 5 seconds. 
     
     
         59 . An apparatus, in combination with a measurement while drilling (MWD) device, for generating seismic pressure pulses in a drilling fluid, flowing within a drill string, comprising:
 a flow modulation device longitudinally positioned within a drill collar flow channel such that drilling fluid flowing through said drill collar flows through an expanding valve housing comprising a valve inlet, expanding valve flow chamber, valve outlet, pilot flow tube, valve pressure port, pilot flow channel, pilot valve and pilot valve orifice, axially and centrally located therein;   said expanding valve flow chamber comprising an elastically flexible expanding valve within said chamber, and;   wherein said expanding valve pressure chamber and pilot flow channel are in fluid communications such that when said pilot valve is urged to close against said pilot orifice flow of said drilling fluid is stopped within said pilot flow channel such that said drilling fluid fills said expanding valve pressure chamber laterally resulting in urging said expanding valve against said expanding valve flow chamber, thereby stopping flow of said drilling fluid at said valve inlet thereby creating a primary pressure pulse.   
     
     
         60 . The apparatus of  claim 59 , wherein said pilot valve is urged to open said pilot orifice, releasing said drilling fluid from said expanding valve pressure chamber causing decreasing pressure and volume of said drilling fluid within said expanding valve and urging said expanding valve away from said valve inlet resulting in generating and transmitting a secondary pressure pulse. 
     
     
         61 . The apparatus of  claim 59  wherein said primary pressure pulse and said secondary pressure pulse is transmitted within said drilling fluid and is external to said drill string and wherein said primary pressure pulse is sensed by instrumentation. 
     
     
         62 . The apparatus of  claim 59 , wherein said primary pressure pulse is generated by expanding said expanding valve against said expanding valve pressure chamber thereby creating an increasing pressure differential between said drilling fluid in said upper flow channel and said drilling fluid in said lower flow channel. 
     
     
         63 . The apparatus of  claim 59 , wherein said secondary pressure pulse is generated by depressurizing said expanding valve, resulting in moving away of said expanding valve from said expanding valve pressure chamber, creating a decreasing pressure differential between said drilling fluid in said upper flow channel and said drilling fluid in said lower flow channel. 
     
     
         64 . The apparatus of  claim 59 , wherein said flow modulator and controller include said expanding valve that can be opened for a predetermined time to control the amount of time said expanding valve remains depressurized and allows for an associated dwell time, rise time, and fall time, such that the amplitude of said primary pressure pulse is controllable for seismic wave generation. 
     
     
         65 . The apparatus of  claim 59 , wherein said flow modulator valve is adjusted to obtain independent control of said primary pulse and said secondary pulse by controlling pulse generation such that said primary pulse is increased in size and number when said expanding valve is pressurized rapidly and said secondary pulse is increased in number and reduced in size when said expanding valve is pressurized slowly. 
     
     
         66 . The apparatus of  claim 59 , wherein said expanding valve is fully pressurized within 50-150 milliseconds. 
     
     
         67 . The apparatus of  claim 59 , wherein said expanding valve is depressurized for no less than 50 milliseconds and up to 5 seconds. 
     
     
         68 . An apparatus, in combination with a measurement while drilling (MWD) device, for generating pressure pulses in a drilling fluid, flowing within a drill string, comprising:
 a flow modulation device longitudinally positioned within a drill collar flow channel such that said drilling fluid flowing through said drill collar flows through a rotating valve in a top to bottom direction proceeded by an upper flow channel within an upper flow housing, a rotating valve flow channel, and a lower flow channel; said rotating valve comprising a pilot flow tube with a pilot flow channel, pilot valve, pilot orifice, rotating valve face, and rotating valve spring axially and centrally located therein, and;   wherein a linearly moveable centrally and axially located actuating valve within said upper and lower flow channel comprises an actuating screw that is enmeshed with sard rotating valve, a primary pressure chamber, primary pressure port, a secondary pressure chamber, an upper pressure port, and a lower secondary outlet port wherein intermittent fluid communication occurs within said pilot flow channel allowing controlled urging of said actuating valve by said drilling fluid when said fluid moves said actuating valve in a linear fashion and wherein said actuating valve screw urges said rotating valve in a rotational motion such that said rotational motion aligns with said upper flow channel, said rotating valve flow channel and said lower flow channel allowing for fluid communication between said upper channel, said rotating valve channel and said lower channel;   wherein said pilot valve is urged to close said upper secondary pressure port thereby stopping flow of said drilling fluid within said pilot flow channel such that said drilling fluid fills said primary pressure chamber resulting is axially urging said actuating valve, rotating said rotating valve, misaligning said upper flow channel from said rotating valve flow channel and thereby closing off said rotating valve flow channel resulting in stopping said drilling fluid flow and generating and transmitting a primary pressure pulse.   
     
     
         69 . The apparatus of  claim 68 , wherein said pilot valve is urged to open said upper secondary pressure port, releasing said drilling fluid from the actuation valve of said primary pressure chamber which urges said actuation valve that rotates said rotating valve resulting in aligning said upper flow channel with said rotating valve flow channel thereby establishing fluid communication to allow said drilling fluid flow from said upper flow channel to generate and transmit a secondary pressure pulse. 
     
     
         70 . The apparatus of  claim 68 , wherein said actuating valve is centrally and axially located within said drill string. 
     
     
         71 . The apparatus of  claim 68 , wherein said primary pressure pulse and said secondary pressure pulse is transmitted within said drilling fluid and external to said drill string and said primary pressure pulse is sensed by instrumentation. 
     
     
         72 . The apparatus of  claim 68 , wherein said primary pressure pulse is generated by closing said rotating valve flow channel immediately creating an increasing pressure differential between said drilling fluid in said upper flow channel and said drilling fluid in said rotating valve flow channel. 
     
     
         73 . The apparatus of  claim 68 , wherein said secondary pressure pulse is a result of opening said rotating valve flow channel creating a decreasing pressure differential between said drilling fluid in said upper flow channel and said drilling fluid in said rotating valve flow channel. 
     
     
         74 . The apparatus of  claim 68 , wherein said flow modulator and controller provide a rotating valve wherein said valve is open for a predetermined time and an associated dwell time, rise time, and fall time, such that the amplitude of said primary pressure pulse is controllable for seismic wave generation. 
     
     
         75 . The apparatus of  claim 68 , wherein said flow modulation device is adjusted to obtain independent control of said primary pulse and said secondary pulse by controlling pulse generation such that said primary pulse is increased in size and number when said rotating valve is closed rapidly and said secondary pulse is increased in number and reduced in size when said rotating valve is closed slowly 
     
     
         76 . The apparatus of  claim 68 , wherein said routing valve is closed within 50-150 milliseconds. 
     
     
         77 . The apparatus of  claim 68 , wherein said routing valve is held open for no less than 50 milliseconds and up to 5 seconds. 
     
     
         78 . An apparatus for generating seismic pressure pulses in a drilling fluid, said fluid flowing within a drill string, comprising: a tube, a fast acting valve, and a drill bit with exhaust jets exiting said drill bit within a borehole while drilling is ongoing such that a constrained moving fluid column exists and allows said fluid to pass through said fast acting valve and allows for said constrained moving fluid column to continue flowing below said valve, thereby allowing fluid to flow through said jets as jetted fluid and allowing return of fluid within an annular area of said drill string. 
     
     
         79 . The apparatus of  claim 78  wherein an optional annular return restrictor exists within said annular area and is used for enhancing fracturing while drilling. 
     
     
         80 . The apparatus of  claim 78 , wherein said borehole is drilled by said drill bit using any of a number of conventional drilling methods such that fluid within said constrained moving fluid column is pumped through said drill string thereby removing cuttings from said drill bit whereby jets in said drill bit provide fluid circulation past said drill bit that washes cuttings into said annular area and jetting said fluid out of said jets into said borehole. 
     
     
         81 . The apparatus of  claim 78 , wherein said pulses are generated within an operating cycle that begins when said fast acting valve begins to close and wherein said rate of pressure increase is limited only by the speed at which said fast acting valve closes, the compressibility of said moving fluid column and the elasticity of said drill string. 
     
     
         82 . The apparatus of  claim 78 , wherein said fast acting valve closes in milliseconds from a fully opened position to a fully closed position. 
     
     
         83 . The apparatus of  claim 78 , wherein the pulse amplitude of said pressure seismic pulse created above said fast acting valve is the order of magnitude of at least hundreds to thousands of pounds per square inch and wherein pressures occurring below said fast acting valve are generally lower and seldom reach more than a few hundred pounds per square inch and wherein pulse widths are normally in the range of 200 to 400 milliseconds. 
     
     
         84 . The seismic pulse of  claim 78 , wherein said pulse chosen is large and fast so that most of the energy is imparted into the formation requires less energy be withdrawn from a hydraulic valve system used to create said pulse. 
     
     
         85 . The seismic pulse of  claim 78 , wherein said pulse comprises a pressure shock wave that is imparted into the formation using jets of larger dimensions. 
     
     
         86 . The formation of  claim 84 , wherein said formation receives pressure shocks which impart energy into said formation producing a seismic pulse measured at any point within the existing well, in adjacent wells, or at the surface of the wells. 
     
     
         87 . The jets of  claim 78 , wherein pressure pulses cause very high instantaneous flow through said jets such that in addition to creating a seismic wave said pulses allow for cleaning cuttings from any drilled hole and drill bit, enhancing the drilling rate, clearing bit balling, and cleaning the bit cutters. 
     
     
         88 . An apparatus for generating seismic pressure pulses in a drilling fluid, said fluid flowing within a drill string, comprising a borehole fluid flowing downward through a center pipe past a flow modulator through ports on either side of said center pipe such that said fluid then flows in an upward direction through an annular area next to a formation or a casing of said center pipe so that when said flow modulator is closed, a primary pulse is generated that is directed uphole through a center of said pipe in said borehole and a secondary pulse is directed downward and then out through said ports and into said formation. 
     
     
         89 . The secondary pulse of  claim 88 , wherein said pulse is directed through said ports due to fluid flow restricted from going downhole by use of a plug, wherein said plug is movable either upward or downward within said borehole to any desired location. 
     
     
         90 . The apparatus of  claim 88 , wherein fluid flowing is directed in a direction opposite to downward so that the fluid flow is guided down an annular area between said pipe and said formation and subsequently said fluid returns back up through the center of the borehole pipe past an inverted flow throttling device (IFTD). 
     
     
         91 . An apparatus for generating seismic pressure pulses in a drilling fluid;
 wherein fluid flowing down a borehole through a seismic pulse generating pipe reaches the bottom of said borehole and is redirected back uphole through an inverted flow throttling device (IFTD) and wherein said fluid subsequently passes through a side channel into an annular area with bladders and then subsequently back uphole.   
     
     
         92 . The apparatus of  claim 91 , wherein when said IFTD is closed, a primary seismic wave is generated with the pulse magnitude of a water hammer pulse and is redirected downhole so that said seismic wave generated has greater resolution at deeper depths than can be generated from any conventional seismic generators located cither downhole or on the surface. 
     
     
         93 . The apparatus of  claim 91 , wherein fluid flowing in the wellbore forces bladders to expand due to the increased pressure caused by the fluid flow forced into said bladders. 
     
     
         94 . The apparatus of  claim 91 , wherein bladders are filled in the same manner as fluid filling a balloon, thus causing a seal between said seismic pulse generating pipe and the formation such that said seal restricts the flow and seismic waves so that said waves are focused downwards towards the bottom of said seismic pulse generating pipe. 
     
     
         95 . The apparatus of  claim 91 , wherein said pipe is perforated. 
     
     
         96 . An apparatus for generating seismic pressure pulses in a drilling fluid comprising, a telescoping sliding assembly situated inside a pipe of a borehole such that the downhole pipe mates at the bottom end with said telescoping sliding assembly, wherein said assembly is allowed to move axially within said downhole pipe but restricted from rotating with respect to said downhole pipe allowing for said telescoping sliding assembly to rotate together with said downhole pipe. 
     
     
         97 . The apparatus of  claim 96 , wherein fluid flow is unrestricted such that said telescoping sliding assembly is pushed up against said downhole pipe utilizing springs that support the weight of said telescoping sliding assembly, allowing fluid to exit through drill bit jets within said telescoping sliding assembly and wherein said fluid is redirected upon impact with the formation and returns through an annular area to the surface. 
     
     
         98 . The apparatus of  claim 96 , wherein said telescoping sliding assembly includes a flow throttling device (FTD) such that when said FTD closes, the increase fluid pressure in a fluid column above said FTD increases and applies downward force on said FTD. 
     
     
         99 . The FTD of  claim 98 , wherein said downward force on said FTD which is within and attached to said telescoping sliding assembly causes said telescoping sliding assembly and an attached drill bit to impact the formation thus creating a seismic shock wave in said formation. 
     
     
         100 . The apparatus of  claim 98 , wherein when said FTD opens, a supporting spring supporting the weight of the telescoping sliding apparatus and said drill bit plus the additional downward force which created said seismic shock wave allows for relief such that fluid flow and pressures within said apparatus return to a state prior to restricting said fluid flow. 
     
     
         101 . An apparatus for generating seismic pressure pulses in a drilling fluid, said fluid flowing within a drill string, comprising a water hammer fracturing device within a downhole pipe with a sliding and sealed bottom end such that when said fluid is pumped down the center of said pipe it is directed to one side of said pipe thereby allowing fluid to enter a chamber within a sliding hammer at said bottom end. 
     
     
         102 . The apparatus of  claim 101 , wherein said fluid inside said sliding hammer is then redirected upward away from said bottom end and into and through a flow throttling device, FID and wherein said fluid flows out through an exit intoand upward through an annular area and back to the surface. 
     
     
         103 . The apparatus of  claim 101 , wherein said sliding hammer is allowed to slide axially within said pipe and not allowed to exit or separate from said pipe and wherein a sliding surface of said sliding hammer is scaled this preventing fluid flow and allowing for pressure bypass. 
     
     
         104 . The apparatus of  claim 102 , wherein said FTD is opened allowing fluid to flow through the center of said pipe and then flow around said FTD such that said fluid is redirected inside said sliding hammer upward and through said FTD and subsequently out an exit into said annular area and subsequently back to the surface. 
     
     
         105 . The apparatus of  claim 102 , wherein a seismic wave is generated by momentarily stopping the fluid flow through said FTD accomplished when said FTD is closed such that said fluid flow through said FTD is restricted and momentarily stopping flow of the fluid allowing for backing up fluid into the inside chamber of said sliding hammer thus restricting downward flow of fluid and causing pressure increase in said fluid within said sliding hammer. 
     
     
         106 . The apparatus of  claim 102 . wherein as fluid is stopped from flowing through said FTD fluid downstream of said FTD is reduced in pressure causing a decrease in pressure on the outside of said sliding hammer, such that a pressure differential of increased pressure inside and reduced pressure outside of said sliding hammer causes said sliding hammer to move axially downward into a formation with a force resulting in seismic waves applied to said formation. 
     
     
         107 . The force of said seismic waves of  claim 103 , wherein the magnitude and the amplitude of said waves are dependent on how quicklj said FTD is closed or opened, the dwell time, frequency, and flow velocities associated with said FTD. 
     
     
         108 . An apparatus for generating seismic pressure pulses in a drilling fluid, comprising a flow throttling device (FTD) with additional ports in a funnel shape located above said FTD such that when fluid is pumped downhole either during or after a drilling operation through the center of a borehole and pipe within said borehole said fluid also flows through said FTD and exits through the bottom of said pipe and subsequently said fluid flows back up an annular area to the surface, so that when said FTD is closed, a seismic wave is generated above the FTD and is directed back uphole and is diverted by said ports laterally towards the formation so as to direct the seismic wave radially outward. 
     
     
         109 . The apparatus of  claim 108 , wherein a seismic wave generated below said FTD is directed downward and is of smaller magnitude than the wave generated above said FTD and the amplitude of said wave is dependent on how quickly said FTD is opened, as well as the dwell time, frequency, and flow velocities associated with said FTD. 
     
     
         110 . The wave of  claim 109 , wherein said wave generated above said FTD allows for characterization of the formation radially, whereas said wave generated below said FTD provides information regarding the geologic information below a drill bit located near or at said bottom of said borehole. 
     
     
         111 . An apparatus for generating seismic pressure pulses in a drilling fluid, said fluid flowing within a drill string, comprising a mechanical seismic hammer and pulse generator that is comprised of a mechanically operated hammer as part of a section connected to and directly above a flow throttling device or FTD such that when fluid is pumped downhole either during or after the drilling operation through the center of a pipe within said drill string and through said FTD in the open position said fluid exits through the bottom of said pipe and back up an annular area to the surface. 
     
     
         112 . The apparatus of  claim 111 , wherein said FTD is closed, the FTD mechanically moves said hammer in a very fast moving action so that the hammer head of said hammer moves laterally towards the formation so as to direct a seismic wave radially outward. 
     
     
         113 . The apparatus of  claim 111 , wherein said FTD closes and moves said hammer so that the fluid flow below said FTD is stopped and a negative pressure seismic wave is generated such that said negative pressure wave generated below said FTD is directed downward and is of smaller magnitude than that of said wave generated above said FTD and the amplitude of said wave is dependent on how quickly said FTD is closed or opened, as well as the dwell time, frequency, and the flow velocity associated with said FTD. 
     
     
         114 . An apparatus for generating seismic pressure pulses in a drilling fluid, said fluid flowing within a drill string, comprising a flow throttling device, FTD, inside and at the bottom of a downhole pipe within a wellbore or casing. 
     
     
         115 . The FTD of  claim 114 , wherein when fluid is pumped down from the surface above said borehole into an annular area to the bottom of the formation the fluid is redirected upward and into the center of the downhole pipe through the opened flow throttling device FTD thus allowing said fluid to flow back to the surface. 
     
     
         116 . The apparatus of  claim 114 , wherein when said FTD is closed in a controlled manner, the fluid flow up through the FTD is stopped causing backing up of the flowing fluid into the formation creating seismic shock waves. 
     
     
         117 . The shock waves of  claim 116 , wherein the magnitude of said shock waves are dependent on how quickly the FTD is closed and opened, as well as the dwell time, frequency, and the flow velocity associated with said FTD. 
     
     
         118 . The apparatus of  claim 114 , wherein when said FTD is opened, fluid flow is allowed upward and through said pipe back to the surface, so that the pressure and said fluid flow reaches equilibrium above and below said FTD allowing for relieving pressure within the formation and fluid residing within said formation such that fluid residing within said formation can be readied for the next seismic wave to be generated.