Method and apparatus for keeping foundations flat

Abstract

Embodiments of methods and apparatuses to measure a concrete foundation from within the concrete in order to maintain the foundation in a controlled flat condition over time we disclosed. A method, for example, may include placing a conduit network inside forms of a concrete foundation, documenting the conduit network in X and Y coordinate system, pouring the concrete foundation with the conduit network inside the concrete in generally the same position, passing an elevation measuring sensor through the conduit network to record a baseline elevation of the conduit and using this baseline for relative comparisons in the future. An embodiment of a method also may include using the relative change in the conduit elevation to predict the relative risk of a repair and financial losses and using the relative change in the conduit elevation to assist in the proper repair and maintenance of the foundation.

That claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method of determining relative foundation movement, the method comprising:
 inserting a moveable sensor into an external opening defining an entry point of a conduit path, the conduit path being anchored to and positioned to extend into and through at least portions of a concrete foundation, the moveable sensor having a payout, the sum of the length of the payout of the moveable sensor being longer than either a width of the foundation, a length of the foundation, or both; and   recording a plurality of data points over a plurality of moments in time with the moveable sensor when positioned within the conduit path;   determining a rate of movement of the foundation; and   estimating future movement of at least a portion of the foundation, the estimating includes use of the rate of movement and the plurality of data points.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the conduit path has a preselected angle of departure between a first portion of the conduit path defining a first leg and a second portion of the conduit path defining a second leg, and wherein one or more portions of the conduit path in which the moveable sensor is positioned are identified responsive to the plurality of data points. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of data points is converted into an image that represents a change, over a period of time, in elevation of one or more of: (a) the conduit path, and (b) the foundation; and wherein one or more depths of the conduit path is measured relative to one or more datum. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the time between the first and second plurality of recorded data points is at least one week, wherein the conduit path is positioned in the concrete foundation when concrete material of the concrete foundation is poured, and wherein the conduit path is positioned in one or more beams of the concrete material of the concrete foundation and adjacent the one or more beams of the concrete material. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the step of inserting the moveable sensor comprises inserting the moveable sensor during a first moment of time and inserting the moveable sensor during a second moment of time; wherein the plurality of data points include a first plurality of data points and a second plurality of data points, the first plurality of data points being recorded at the first moment in time and the second plurality of data points being recorded at the second moment in time for use to establish a second condition of the foundation. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the moveable sensor when positioned in the conduit path senses the plurality of data so as to provide at least three dimensions, and wherein at least of one of the at least three dimensions includes an elevation after insertion of the moveable sensor into the entry point of the conduit path. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the inside diameter of the conduit path is four inches or less, and wherein the conduit path includes an open terminus. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the conduit path exhibits an angle of departure exceeding 10 degrees. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein three or more data points of the plurality of data points are recorded by the moveable sensor when positioned in the conduit path during a plurality of moments in time so that locations of the three or more data points define at least one triangle with lengths of each leg of the at least one triangle being one foot or more. 
     
     
         10 . An apparatus to measure relative foundation movement, the apparatus comprising:
 an entry point to a concrete foundation;   a conduit path connected to the entry point and having at least portions thereof disposed within an outer perimeter of and anchored to the concrete foundation;   a moveable sensor having a payout and to be positioned in the conduit path, the sum of the length of the payout of the moveable sensor being longer than either a width of the foundation, a length of the foundation, or both;   a data recorder positioned to record responsive to the moveable sensor:
 (a) a plurality of data points in at least a vertical direction to represent the conduit path at a first moment in time, 
 (b) a second plurality of data points in at least the vertical direction to represent the conduit path at a second moment in time, 
   a comparator to compare the relative vertical movement of the conduit path at the first and second moments in time; and   a determiner to determine one or more of: (a) relative movement of at least a portion of the foundation, and (b) rate of movement of at least a portion of the foundation.   
     
     
         11 . The apparatus of  claim 10 , wherein a vertical component of the conduit path geometry is determined by measuring a pressure difference between a point at a known location disposed within the aforementioned conduit path relative to the pressure of a fluidly coupled reference datum. 
     
     
         12 . The apparatus of  claim 10 , wherein the moveable sensor includes an elevations sensitive device, and wherein a vertical geometry of the conduit path is determined by manipulating the elevation sensitive device internal to the conduit path via the point of entry at a generally known payout distance. 
     
     
         13 . The apparatus of  claim 12 , wherein the horizontal geometry of the conduit path is measured prior to the pouring of the concrete foundation, and wherein the conduit path is positioned in a preselected location of the concrete foundation when pouring of the concrete occurs. 
     
     
         14 . The apparatus of  claim 10 , wherein the conduit is positioned adjacent a beam within a perimeter of the foundation such that changes in the conduit path correlate strongly to change's in the foundation after concrete solidification, and wherein the conduit path includes an open terminus. 
     
     
         15 . The apparatus of  claim 14 , wherein the correlation is achieved through a reinforcing element in the concrete. 
     
     
         16 . The apparatus of  claim 10 , wherein any two data points are less than 30 feet apart, wherein an interior of the conduit path is substantially dry, and wherein the conduit includes one or more of: an open terminus and a closed concrete terminus. 
     
     
         17 . The apparatus of  claim 10 , wherein the conduit path exhibits an angle of departure exceeding 10 degrees. 
     
     
         18 . The apparatus of  claim 14 , wherein the conduit is placed at least partially near a structural beam of the foundation, and wherein the conduit comprises a load carrying element and has a hollow core. 
     
     
         19 . The apparatus of  claim 14 , wherein the conduit path remains within about six inches of the neutral axis of at least one structural beam of the foundation for at least five feet measured in a generally horizontal direction. 
     
     
         20 . The apparatus of  claim 10 , wherein the conduit diameter is less than four inches. 
     
     
         21 . The apparatus of  claim 14 , wherein the foundation contains at least one tensile stiffener. 
     
     
         22 . An apparatus for internal elevation measurement of a foundation of a structure, the apparatus comprising:
 one or more conduit paths attached to one or more points of entry of a concrete foundation and having at least portions thereof positioned adjacent a beam of the concrete foundation; and   one or more pressure-responsive elements positioned within the conduit path at a determinate location, the one or more pressure-responsive elements including a moveable sensor having a payout, the sum of the length of the payout of the moveable sensor being longer than either a width of the foundation, a length of the foundation, or both.   
     
     
         23 . The apparatus of  claim 22 , wherein the moveable sensor also interprets the relative elevation change between one location within a perimeter of the foundation and a reference datum elevation, wherein the inside diameter of the conduit path is four inches or less, and wherein the conduit path includes an open terminus. 
     
     
         24 . The apparatus of  claim 23 , wherein the one location within the foundation and the reference datum elevation are fluidly coupled with a fluid capable of conveying relative pressure, and wherein the one or more conduit paths of the apparatus comprises a fluid conduit capable of isolating fluid on one side relative to the other. 
     
     
         25 . The apparatus of  claim 24 , wherein the moveable sensor is positioned in a substantially dry conduit positioned in the foundation and is mechanically linked to a reference datum in a generally horizontal plane and linked to a generally vertical reference datum, and wherein the mechanically linking defines a mechanical linkage connected to the moveable sensor and at least partially comprises the same component.