Device for attachment of a seat to a structure of a vehicle and seat having such an attachment device

Abstract

A seat attached to a vehicle structure by at least four attachment points includes, on at least one of the attachments an extendable connecting element ( 40 ) which transmits load between the main structure ( 11 ) of the seat and the structure of the vehicle, the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) including: —a first position in which a structure pin ( 62 ), which attaches the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) to the structure of the vehicle, is in a position close to a seat pin ( 64 ) that attaches the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) to the main structure ( 11 ) of the seat; a second position in which the structure pin ( 62 ) is in a position away from the seat pin ( 64 ) and in which the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) is able to transmit load between the structure pin ( 62 ) and the seat pin ( 64 ).

1 . Seat ( 10 ) intended to be attached to a structure ( 20 ,  30 ) of a vehicle by at least four attachment points ( 21 ,  22 ,  31 ,  32 ), characterized in that at least one of the attachment points has an extendable connecting element ( 40 ) that ensures the transmission of forces between a primary structure ( 11 ) of the seat and the structure ( 20 ,  30 ) of the vehicle when the seat is attached to said structure of the vehicle, which extendable connecting element ( 40 ) has:
 a first position in which a structure hinge pin ( 42 ,  62 ), by which the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) is attached to the structure ( 20 ,  30 ) of the vehicle when the seat ( 10 ) is attached to the structure of the vehicle, is in a position that is close to a seat hinge pin ( 44 ,  54 ,  64 ), by which the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) is attached to the primary structure ( 11 ) of the seat;   a second position in which the structure hinge pin ( 42 ,  62 ) is in a position distant from the seat hinge pin ( 44 ,  54 ,  64 ) and in which the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) is suitable for transmitting forces between the structure hinge pin ( 42 ,  62 ) and the seat hinge pin ( 44 ,  54 ,  64 ).   
     
     
         2 . Seat according to  claim 1 , wherein the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) is held in the first position by a shear pin element ( 45 ). 
     
     
         3 . Seat according to  claim 1 , wherein the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) has a locking device in the second position when it is in said second position. 
     
     
         4 . Seat according to  claim 1 , wherein the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) has a guiding groove ( 43 ,  53 ) of a plate ( 41 ,  51 ) that is attached hinged by the structure hinge pin ( 42 ) and in the groove of which the seat hinge pin ( 44 ,  54 ) is guided, or else attached hinged by the seat hinge pin ( 44 ,  54 ) and in the groove of which the structure hinge pin ( 42 ) is guided. 
     
     
         5 . Seat according to  claim 4 , wherein the groove ( 43 ) has at least a second section ( 432 ) that extends a first section ( 431 ) so that in the second position of the extendable connecting element ( 40 ), the seat hinge pin ( 44 ) or the structure hinge pin ( 42 ) guided by the groove ( 43 ) is locked by jamming of the plate ( 41 ) on said seat hinge pin or said structure hinge pin in said at least one second section. 
     
     
         6 . Seat according to  claim 5 , wherein the groove ( 43 ) has several second sections ( 432 ,  432   a,    432   b ) that determine different extension lengths Lc of the extendable connecting element ( 40 ). 
     
     
         7 . Seat according to  claim 4 , wherein the groove ( 53 ) has at least one rack ( 52 ) that works with a ratchet of the seat hinge pin ( 54 ), or else conversely of the structure hinge pin. 
     
     
         8 . Seat according to  claim 1 , wherein the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) has a connecting rod ( 61 ) that is attached hinged at a first end on the seat hinge pin ( 64 ) and at a second end on the structure hinge pin ( 62 ), said connecting rod having primarily two link rods ( 61   a,    61   b ) hinged to one another at the site of a connecting hinge pin  67 , said link rods forming an angle in the first position of the extendable connecting element ( 40 ), said link rods being approximately aligned in the second position of the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) so as to increase a distance between the seat hinge pin ( 64 ) and the structure hinge pin ( 62 ) relative to the first position. 
     
     
         9 . Seat according to  claim 8 , wherein the connecting rod ( 61 ) has a device for locking the connecting rod when the link rods ( 61   a,    61   b ) are in the second position. 
     
     
         10 . Seat according to  claim 9 , wherein the device for locking the connecting rod ( 61 ) when the link rods ( 61   a,    61   b ) are in the second position has a sliding nut ( 63 ) positioned on one of the link rods when the extendable connecting element is in the first position and positioned in part on each one of the link rods when the extendable connecting element is in the second position. 
     
     
         11 . Seat according to  claim 2 , wherein the shear pin element ( 45 ) is a cotter pin that passes through a pin of the extendable connecting element ( 40 ). 
     
     
         12 . Seat according to  claim 1  having an extendable connecting element ( 40 ) on each of two attachments ( 21 ,  31 ) located the farthest forward in relation to the seat among the at least four attachment points. 
     
     
         13 . Seat according to  claim 1  having an extendable connecting element on each of the attachments located the farthest back ( 22 ,  32 ) in relation to the seat among the at least four attachment points. 
     
     
         14 . Seat according to  claim 1  having an extendable connecting element ( 40 ) on each of two attachments located on the same side, right ( 21 ,  22 ) or left ( 31 ,  32 ), of the seat among the at least four attachment points. 
     
     
         15 . Seat according to  claim 1  having an intermediate mounting plate for connecting the seat to the structure of a vehicle, said intermediate mounting plate incorporating all of the attachment devices, extendable or non-extendable, of the seat to the structure of the vehicle, said mounting plate having a sufficient rigidity to trip an extension of an extendable connecting element ( 40 ) in case of deformation of the structure of the vehicle when the seat is attached to such a vehicle structure. 
     
     
         16 . Extendable connecting element ( 40 ) intended for an attachment point ( 21 ,  22 ,  31 ,  32 ) of a seat ( 10 ), according to  claim 1 , to a structure of a vehicle, said extendable connecting element having:
 a structure hinge pin ( 52 ,  62 ), by which the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) is intended to be attached to a structure of a vehicle when the seat ( 10 ) is attached to the structure of the vehicle;   a seat hinge pin ( 44 ,  54 ,  64 ) by which the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) is intended to be attached to a primary structure ( 11 ) of the seat ( 10 ) for which it is designed;   a shear pin element ( 45 ,  65 ) holding the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) in a first position in which the seat hinge pin and the structure hinge pin are in a position that is close;   a locking device holding the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) in a second position in which the seat hinge pin and the structure hinge pin are in a position that is distant in relation to the first position;   said extendable connecting element being able in the second position to transmit forces between the seat hinge pin and the structure hinge pin.   
     
     
         17 . Seat according to  claim 2 , wherein the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) has a locking device in the second position when it is in said second position. 
     
     
         18 . Seat according to  claim 2 , wherein the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) has a guiding groove ( 43 ,  53 ) of a plate ( 41 ,  51 ) that is attached hinged by the structure hinge pin ( 42 ) and in the groove of which the seat hinge pin ( 44 ,  54 ) is guided, or else attached hinged by the seat hinge pin ( 44 ,  54 ) and in the groove of which the structure hinge pin ( 42 ) is guided. 
     
     
         19 . Seat according to  claim 2 , wherein the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) has a connecting rod ( 61 ) that is attached hinged at a first end on the seat hinge pin ( 64 ) and at a second end on the structure hinge pin ( 62 ), said connecting rod having primarily two link rods ( 61   a,    61   b ) hinged to one another at the site of a connecting hinge pin  67 , said link rods forming an angle in the first position of the extendable connecting element ( 40 ), said link rods being approximately aligned in the second position of the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) so as to increase a distance between the seat hinge pin ( 64 ) and the structure hinge pin ( 62 ) relative to the first position. 
     
     
         20 . Seat according to  claim 3 , wherein the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) has a connecting rod ( 61 ) that is attached hinged at a first end on the seat hinge pin ( 64 ) and at a second end on the structure hinge pin ( 62 ), said connecting rod having primarily two link rods ( 61   a,    61   b ) hinged to one another at the site of a connecting hinge pin  67 , said link rods forming an angle in the first position of the extendable connecting element ( 40 ), said link rods being approximately aligned in the second position of the extendable connecting element ( 40 ) so as to increase a distance between the seat hinge pin ( 64 ) and the structure hinge pin ( 62 ) relative to the first position.