Methods and means for casing, perforation and sand-screen evaluation using backscattered x-ray radiation in a wellbore environment

Abstract

An x-ray-based cased wellbore environment imaging tool is provided, the tool including at least an x-ray source; a radiation shield to define the output form of the produced x-rays; a direction controllable two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector array; sonde-dependent electronics; and a plurality of tool logic electronics and PSUs. A method of using an x-ray-based cased wellbore environment imaging tool to monitor and determine the integrity of materials within wellbore environments is also provided, the method including at least: producing x-rays in a shaped output; measuring the intensity of backscatter x-rays returning from materials surrounding the wellbore; controlling two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector arrays; and converting image data from said detectors into consolidated images of the wellbore materials.

1 . An x-ray-based cased wellbore environment imaging tool, said tool comprises:
 an x-ray source;   a radiation shield to define the output form of the produced x-rays;   a direction controllable two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector array;   sonde-dependent electronics; and   a plurality of tool logic electronics and PSUs.   
     
     
         2 . The tool of  claim 1 , wherein said imaging detector comprises a two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector arrays wherein the imaging array is one pixel wide and multiple pixels long. 
     
     
         3 . The tool of  claim 1 , wherein said imaging detectors further comprise two sets of two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector arrays. 
     
     
         4 . The tool of  claim 1 , wherein said imaging detectors further comprise a plurality of two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector arrays. 
     
     
         5 . The tool of  claim 1 , wherein the rotation rate of the imaging detectors is matched to the axial logging speed of said tool so as to create a continuous helical image ribbon without blind regions. 
     
     
         6 . The tool of  claim 1 , wherein the imaging detectors rotate continuously while said tool is stationary within the wellbore to produce statistically accumulated cylindrical images over the same region of the wellbore. 
     
     
         7 . The tool of  claim 1 , wherein the images further comprise spectral information to inform the characteristics of any wellbore materials or debris. 
     
     
         8 . The tool of  claim 1 , wherein said shield further comprises tungsten. 
     
     
         9 . The tool of  claim 1 , wherein the tool is configured so as to permit through-wiring. 
     
     
         10 . The tool of  claim 1 , wherein the tool is combinable would other measurement tools comprising one or more of acoustic or ultrasonic measurement tools. 
     
     
         11 . The tool of  claim 1 , wherein the tool is used to determine the position, distribution and area of perforations within the casings surrounding the cased wellbore. 
     
     
         12 . The tool of  claim 1 , wherein the tool is used to determine the position and integrity of sand-screens within the casings surrounding the cased wellbore. 
     
     
         13 . The tool of  claim 1 , wherein the tool is used to determine the position and integrity of gravel-packs within the casings surrounding the cased wellbore. 
     
     
         14 . The tool of  claim 1 , wherein the tool is used to determine the position and integrity of side-pocket mandrels within the casings surrounding the cased wellbore. 
     
     
         15 . The tool in  claim 1 , wherein machine learning is employed to automatically reformat or re-tesselate the resulting images as a function of depth and varying logging speeds or logging steps. 
     
     
         16 . A method of using an x-ray-based cased wellbore environment imaging tool to monitor and determine the integrity of materials within wellbore environments, said method comprising:
 producing x-rays in a shaped output;   measuring the intensity of backscatter x-rays returning from materials surrounding the wellbore;   controlling two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector arrays; and   converting image data from said detectors into consolidated images of the wellbore materials.   
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16 , further comprising using said imaging detector to create two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector arrays wherein the imaging array is one pixel wide and multiple pixels long. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 16 , further comprising using said imaging detectors to create two sets of two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector arrays. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 16 , further comprising using said imaging detectors to create a plurality of two-dimensional per-pixel collimated imaging detector arrays. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 16 , further comprising matching the rotation rate of the imaging detectors to the axial logging speed of said tool in order to create a continuous helical image ribbon without blind regions. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 16 , further comprising continuously rotating the imaging detectors while said tool is stationary within the wellbore in order to produce statistically accumulated cylindrical images over the same region of the wellbore. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 16 , further comprising using spectral information to inform the characteristics of any wellbore materials or debris. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 16 , further comprising forming said shield from tungsten. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 16 , further comprising using the tool to determine the position, distribution and area of perforations within the casings surrounding the cased wellbore. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 16 , further comprising using the tool to determine the position and integrity of sand-screens within the casings surrounding the cased wellbore. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 16 , further comprising using machine learning to automatically reformat or re-tesselate the resulting images as a function of depth and varying logging speeds or logging steps.