US2019056393A1PendingUtilityA1

Method of detecting auto-antibodies from patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, a peptide and assay kit

Assignee: STICHTING TECHNISCHE WETENSCHAPPENPriority: Dec 11, 2001Filed: Nov 2, 2018Published: Feb 21, 2019
Est. expiryDec 11, 2021(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Y10S435/975Y10S530/806C07K 7/08G01N 2800/102C07K 14/4713G01N 33/564C07K 7/64G01N 2410/00Y10S435/973C07K 7/52G01N 33/6878C40B 30/04
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Claims

Abstract

Peptides useful in determining the presence of autoantibodies in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis are disclosed.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A method to detect the presence or absence of autoantibodies associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which method comprises contacting a sample suspected of containing said antibodies with at least two peptide units for a time sufficiently long to allow a complex to be formed between the at least one of said peptide units and any said autoantibodies, and
 detecting the presence or absence of the complex peptide unit wherein at least one peptide unit comprises the motif XG, and at least one peptide unit comprises the motif XnonG, wherein X is a citrulline residue or an analog thereof, G is the amino acid glycine and nonG is an amino acid other than glycine.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein nonG is an amino acid selected from H, I, W, S, R, K, Y, M, F, V, P, Cit or an analog thereof. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the peptide units is a cyclic peptide unit. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the peptide unit with XG motif and the peptide unit with XnonG motif are portions of a single peptide. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the XnonG peptide unit is not derived from (pro)fillaggrin, fibrin, fibrinogen, vimentin, cytokeratin 1 or cytokeratin 9. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the XG peptide unit is selected from the group consisting of: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 1) 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   0002-27 
                   H Q K R G Cit G W S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   0002-29 
                   H Q R R V Cit G W S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 3) 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   0002-31 
                   H Q R R I Cit G G S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 4) 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   0002-32 
                   H Q R K W Cit G A S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 5) 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   0002-36 
                   H Q F R F Cit G Cit S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 6) 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   0002-37 
                   H Q K W R Cit G R S Cit A A 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   and 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 7) 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   0002-63 
                   H Q F R F Cit G W S R A A 
                 
             
                
               
            
             
                
                
               
            
             
                
               
            
             
                
                
               
            
             
                
               
            
             
                
                
               
            
             
                
               
            
             
                
                
               
            
             
                
               
            
             
                
                
               
            
             
                
               
            
             
                
               
            
             
                
                
                
               
            
             
                
               
            
           
         
         and the XnonG peptide unit is selected from the group consisting of: 
       
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 8) 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   0107-32 
                   K P Y T V Cit K F M R R P 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 9) 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   0107-35 
                   A R F Q M Cit H Cit R L I R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 10) 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   0107-45 
                   Y S F V W Cit S H A R P R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 11) 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   0113-30 
                   A R F Q M R H Cit R L I R 
                 
                     
                   and 
                     
                 
                     
                     
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 12) 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                   0218-36 
                   R N L R L Cit R E R N H A 
                 
             
                
               
            
             
                
                
               
            
             
                
               
            
             
                
                
               
            
             
                
               
            
             
                
                
               
            
             
                
               
            
             
                
                
                
               
            
             
                
               
            
             
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         7 . A peptide comprising a sequence with the formula (II):
   (A1-A2-A3-A4-A5)-Cit-(A6)-(A7-A8-A9-A10-A11)  (II)
   wherein
 A1-A2-A3-A4-A5 is an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: 
   
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 13) 
                 
                     
                   RHGRQ 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 14) 
                 
                     
                   IRCitYK 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 15) 
                 
                     
                   HGRQCit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 16) 
                 
                     
                   GRQCitCit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 17) 
                 
                     
                   FQMCitH 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 18) 
                 
                     
                   CitWRGM 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 19) 
                 
                     
                   ARFQM 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 20) 
                 
                     
                   QCitYKW 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 21) 
                 
                     
                   KPYTV 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 22) 
                 
                     
                   NRLRL 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 23) 
                 
                     
                   RRRCitY 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 24) 
                 
                     
                   RFKSN 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 25) 
                 
                     
                   RGKSN 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 26) 
                 
                     
                   RWVSQ 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 27) 
                 
                     
                   MKPRY 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 28) 
                 
                     
                   KSFVW 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 29) 
                 
                     
                   YSFVW 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 30) 
                 
                     
                   FQMRH 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 31) 
                 
                     
                   RNMNR 
                 
                     
                   and 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 32) 
                 
                     
                   RMGRP 
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         and sequences homologous thereto;
 A6 represents an amino acid other than glycine; 
 A7-A8-A9-A10-A11 represents an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: 
 
       
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 33) 
                 
                     
                   KYIIY 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 34) 
                 
                     
                   TNRKF 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 35) 
                 
                     
                   KWCitKI 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 36) 
                 
                     
                   CitRAVI 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 37) 
                 
                     
                   RCitGHS 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 38) 
                 
                     
                   CitGRSR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 39) 
                 
                     
                   CitYIIY 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 40) 
                 
                     
                   CitRLIR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 41) 
                 
                     
                   IERKR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 42) 
                 
                     
                   FMRKP 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 43) 
                 
                     
                   FMRRP 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 44) 
                 
                     
                   ERNHA 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 45) 
                 
                     
                   AVITA 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 46) 
                 
                     
                   TPNRW 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 47) 
                 
                     
                   TYNRW 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 48) 
                 
                     
                   RTPTR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 49) 
                 
                     
                   RIVVV 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 50) 
                 
                     
                   HARPR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 51) 
                 
                     
                   RGMCitR 
                 
                     
                   and 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 52) 
                 
                     
                   IRFPV 
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         and sequences homologous thereto. 
       
     
     
         8 . A peptide comprising a sequence with the formula (III):
   (B1-B2-B3-B4-B5-B6)-Cit-(B7)-(B8-B9-B10-B11)  (III)
   wherein
 B1-B2-B3-B4-B5-B6 is an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: 
   
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 53) 
                 
                     
                   INCitRAS 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 54) 
                 
                     
                   ICitKRLY 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 55) 
                 
                     
                   KCitCitYNI 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 56) 
                 
                     
                   RLYFICit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 57) 
                 
                     
                   IRQGAR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 58) 
                 
                     
                   CitERCitVQ 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 59) 
                 
                     
                   CitHQRIT 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 60) 
                 
                     
                   RICitRVCit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 61) 
                 
                     
                   GRNQRY 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 62) 
                 
                     
                   RCitRQHP 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 63) 
                 
                     
                   CitCitRCitVA 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 64) 
                 
                     
                   RPKQHV 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 65) 
                 
                     
                   RKCitGCitR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 66) 
                 
                     
                   RCitCitRNT 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 67) 
                 
                     
                   RCitQCitFT 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 68) 
                 
                     
                   QLVYLQ 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 69) 
                 
                     
                   QYNRFK 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 70) 
                 
                     
                   CitLRHIR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 71) 
                 
                     
                   PRCitCitCitK 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 72) 
                 
                     
                   RCitQVRY 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 73) 
                 
                     
                   GRCitHAH 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 74) 
                 
                     
                   ARHVIR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 75) 
                 
                     
                   RCitGHMF 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 76) 
                 
                     
                   GRNIRV 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 77) 
                 
                     
                   QIFYLCit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 78) 
                 
                     
                   RQGPIA 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 79) 
                 
                     
                   GVYLVR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 80) 
                 
                     
                   NCitCitRRV 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 81) 
                 
                     
                   KCitRLCitY 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 82) 
                 
                     
                   GRRCitCitL 
                 
                     
                   and 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 83 
                 
                     
                   RMPHCitH 
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         and sequences homologous thereto;
 B7 represents an amino acid other than glycine; 
 B8-B9-B10-B11 represents an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: 
 
       
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 84) 
                 
                     
                   CitHRR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 85) 
                 
                     
                   CitIRR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 86) 
                 
                     
                   FRRN 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 87) 
                 
                     
                   AQTT 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 88) 
                 
                     
                   GYPK 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 89) 
                 
                     
                   RPPQ 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 90) 
                 
                     
                   GCitRK 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 91) 
                 
                     
                   PIPR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 92) 
                 
                     
                   YTIH 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 93) 
                 
                     
                   RIKA 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 94) 
                 
                     
                   CitRVR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 95) 
                 
                     
                   TRRP 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 96) 
                 
                     
                   TIRP 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 97) 
                 
                     
                   IKCitR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 98) 
                 
                     
                   RNVV 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 99) 
                 
                     
                   CitRRy 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 100) 
                 
                     
                   CitRPR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 101) 
                 
                     
                   TRCitCit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 102) 
                 
                     
                   CitCitGR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 103) 
                 
                     
                   LCitRCit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 104) 
                 
                     
                   RVRCit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 105) 
                 
                     
                   VPRT 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 106) 
                 
                     
                   YCitFR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 107) 
                 
                     
                   ARCitCit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 108) 
                 
                     
                   RQCitR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 109) 
                 
                     
                   HIRR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 110) 
                 
                     
                   CitMMR 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 111) 
                 
                     
                   CitRICit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 112) 
                 
                     
                   VRKS 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 113) 
                 
                     
                   PCitCitR 
                 
                     
                   and 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 114) 
                 
                     
                   CitRRK 
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         and sequences homologous thereto. 
       
     
     
         9 . The peptide of  claim 7 , wherein A6 is selected from the group consisting of Cit, H, I, K, R, S, W, Y, M, F, V and P. 
     
     
         10 . The peptide of  claim 7 , wherein the peptide is a cyclic peptide comprising a ring of at least 8 amino acids. 
     
     
         11 . The peptide of  claim 10 , wherein the ring comprises at least 11 amino acids. 
     
     
         12 . The peptide of  claim 7  which comprises the peptide sequence 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 115) 
                 
                     
                   R H G R Q  Cit Cit K  Y I I Y 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 116) 
                 
                     
                   I R  Cit Y  K  Cit I  T N R K F  
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 117) 
                 
                     
                   R H G R Q  Cit Cit Cit Y  I I Y 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 118) 
                 
                     
                   A R F Q M  Cit H Cit R  L I R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 119) 
                 
                     
                   Q  Cit Y  K W  Cit K  I E R K R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 120) 
                 
                     
                   K P Y T V  Cit K  F M R K P 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 121) 
                 
                     
                   K P Y T V  Cit K  F M R R P 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 122) 
                 
                     
                   R N L R L  Cit R  E R N H A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 123) 
                 
                     
                   R R R  Cit Y Cit R  A V I T A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 124) 
                 
                     
                   R F K S N  Cit R  I P N R W 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 125) 
                 
                     
                   R G K S N  Cit R  T Y N R W 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 126) 
                 
                     
                   R F K S N  Cit R  T Y N R W 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 127) 
                 
                     
                   R G K S N  Cit R  I P N R W 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 128) 
                 
                     
                   R W V S Q  Cit R  R I P I R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 129) 
                 
                     
                   M K P R Y  Cit R  R I V V V 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 130) 
                 
                     
                   K S F V W  Cit S  H A R P R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 131) 
                 
                     
                   Y S F V W  Cit S  H A R P R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 132) 
                 
                     
                   R N M N R  Cit W  R G M  Cit R , 
                 
                     
                   or 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 133) 
                 
                     
                   R M G R P  Cit W  I R F P V 
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         or an analog thereof. 
       
     
     
         13 . The peptide of  claim 8 , which comprises a peptide sequence selected from 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 134) 
                 
                     
                   I N Cit R A S Cit K Cit H R R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 135) 
                 
                     
                   I Cit K R L Y Cit M Cit I R R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 136) 
                 
                     
                   K Cit Cit Y N I Cit Cit F R R N 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 137) 
                 
                     
                   R L Y F I Cit Cit R A Q T T 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 138) 
                 
                     
                   I R Q G A R Cit R G Y P K 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 139) 
                 
                     
                   Cit E R Cit V Q Cit R R P P Q 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 140) 
                 
                     
                   Cit H Q R I T Cit V G Cit R K 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 141) 
                 
                     
                   R I Cit R V Cit Cit T P I P R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 142) 
                 
                     
                   G R N Q R Y Cit L Y T I H 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 143) 
                 
                     
                   R Cit R Q H P Cit H R I K A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 144) 
                 
                     
                   Cit Cit R Cit V A Cit F Cit R V R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 145) 
                 
                     
                   R P K Q H V Cit H T R R P 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 146) 
                 
                     
                   R K Cit G Cit R Cit Cit T I R P 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 147) 
                 
                     
                   R Cit Cit R N T Cit H I K Cit R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 148) 
                 
                     
                   R Cit Q Cit F T Cit Cit R N V V 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 149) 
                 
                     
                   Q L V Y L Q Cit Cit Cit R R Y 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 150) 
                 
                     
                   Q Y N R F K Cit Cit Cit R P R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 151) 
                 
                     
                   Cit L R H I R Cit Q T R Cit Cit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 152) 
                 
                     
                   P R Cit Cit Cit K Cit R Cit Cit G R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 153) 
                 
                     
                   R Cit Q V R Y Cit Cit L Cit R Cit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 154) 
                 
                     
                   G R Cit H A H Cit P R V R Cit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 155) 
                 
                     
                   A R H V I R Cit Cit V P R T 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 156) 
                 
                     
                   R Cit G H M F Cit V Y Cit F R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 157) 
                 
                     
                   G R N I R V Cit Cit A R Cit Cit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 158) 
                 
                     
                   Q I F Y L Cit Cit H R Q Cit R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 159) 
                 
                     
                   R Q G P I A Cit L H I R R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 160) 
                 
                     
                   G V Y L V R Cit L Cit M M R 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 161) 
                 
                     
                   N Cit Cit R R V Cit M Cit R I Cit 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 162) 
                 
                     
                   K Cit R L Cit Y Cit P V R K S 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 163) 
                 
                     
                   G R R Cit Cit L Cit R P Cit Cit R 
                 
                     
                   or 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ IS NO: l61) 
                 
                     
                   R M P H Cit H Cit S Cit R R K 
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         or an analog thereof. 
       
     
     
         14 . A peptide comprising a sequence with the formula (IV)
   (C1-C2)-(C3-C4-C5)-X-G-C6-(C7-C8-C9-C10)  (IV)
   wherein   C1-C2 is HQ, GF, EG or GV;   C3-C4-05 represents 3 amino acids of which at least 1 is basic, aromatic or V;   C6 is a basic or aromatic amino acid, or is A, G, E, P, V, S or Cit or analog thereof; and   C7-C8-C9-C10 is SRAA (SEQ ID NO:208), SCitAA (SEQ ID NO:209), RPLD (SEQ ID NO:210), RVVE (SEQ ID NO:211) or PGLD (SEQ ID NO:212);   and analogs of the peptide with the formula (IV).   
     
     
         15 . The peptide of  claim 14 , which is a cyclic peptide comprising a ring of at least 8 amino acids. 
     
     
         16 . The peptide of  claim 15 , wherein the ring comprises at least 11 amino acids. 
     
     
         17 . The peptide of  claim 14 , which is 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 165) 
                 
                     
                   H Q R K W  Cit G  A S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 166) 
                 
                     
                   H Q H W R  Cit G  A S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 167) 
                 
                     
                   H Q F R F  Cit G  Cit S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 168) 
                 
                     
                   H Q E R R  Cit G  E S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 169) 
                 
                     
                   H Q K W R  Cit G  F S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 170) 
                 
                     
                   H Q R W K  Cit G  G S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 171) 
                 
                     
                   H Q R R T  Cit G  G S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 172) 
                 
                     
                   H Q R R G  Cit G  G S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 173) 
                 
                     
                   H Q Cit F R  Cit G  H S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 174) 
                 
                     
                   G F F S A  Cit G  H R P L D 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 175) 
                 
                     
                   H Q E R G  Cit G  K S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 176) 
                 
                     
                   H Q E K R  Cit G  K S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 177) 
                 
                     
                   H Q R W L  Cit G  K S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 178) 
                 
                     
                   H Q K R N  Cit G  K S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 179) 
                 
                     
                   E G G G V  Cit G  P R V V E 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 180) 
                 
                     
                   H Q W R H  Cit G  R S Cit A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 181) 
                 
                     
                   H Q K W N  Cit G  R S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 182) 
                 
                     
                   H Q K F W  Cit G  R S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 183) 
                 
                     
                   H Q K Cit K  Cit G  R S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 184) 
                 
                     
                   H Q K W R  Cit G  R S Cit A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 185) 
                 
                     
                   H Q A W R  Cit G  R S Cit A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 186) 
                 
                     
                   H Q N Q W  Cit G  R S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 187) 
                 
                     
                   H Q N S K  Cit G  R S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 188) 
                 
                     
                   H Q K R R  Cit G  R S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 189) 
                 
                     
                   H Q K R F  Cit G  R S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 190) 
                 
                     
                   H Q K R Y  Cit G  R S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 191) 
                 
                     
                   H Q K R H  Cit G  R S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 192) 
                 
                     
                   H Q E R A  Cit G  S S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 193) 
                 
                     
                   H Q E K M  Cit G  V S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 194) 
                 
                     
                   H Q K R G  Cit G  W S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 195) 
                 
                     
                   H Q R R V  Cit G  W S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 196) 
                 
                     
                   H Q W N R  Cit G  W S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 197) 
                 
                     
                   H Q Q R M Cit G W S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 198) 
                 
                     
                   H Q S H R  Cit G  W S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 199) 
                 
                     
                   H Q F R F  Cit G  W S R A A 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 200) 
                 
                     
                   H Q K R R  Cit G  W S R A A 
                 
                     
                   or 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 201) 
                 
                     
                   G V K G H  Cit G  Y P G L D 
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         or an analog thereof. 
       
     
     
         18 . A peptide comprising
 (a) a peptide unit with the formula (II) or (III) or analogs thereof and   (b) a peptide with the formula (IV) or an analog thereof   
       wherein each peptide unit may be linear or cyclic. 
     
     
         19 . A diagnostic test kit for determining the presence or absence of autoantibodies to rheumatoid arthritis, comprising a peptide according to any of  claim 7 ,  8 ,  14  or  18  or mixtures thereof, together with at least one further reagent. 
     
     
         20 . A method to select a peptide for diagnosis of RA, which comprises screening a peptide library with antibodies obtained from patients with RA and wherein the peptide library is selected from a group consisting of: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   Lib (1): 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 202) 
                 
                     
                   H Q E  X   X  Cit  X   X  S R A A 
                 
             
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         Wherein  X =any amino acid except cysteine and tryptophan; 
       
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   Lib (2): 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NOS: 203-204) 
                 
                     
                   H Q  X   X   X  Cit G X S R/Cit A A  
                 
             
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         Wherein  X =any amino acid except cysteine but including Citrulline; 
       
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   Lib (3): 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NOS: 205-206) 
                 
                     
                   H Q E  X   X  Cit  X   X  S R/Cit A A  
                 
             
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         Wherein  X =any amino acid except cysteine but including Citrulline; and 
       
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   Lib (4): 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 207) 
                 
                     
                     X   X   X   X   X   X  Cit  X   X   X   X   X   
                 
             
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         Wherein  X =any amino acid except cysteine but including Citrulline or equivalents thereof. 
       
     
     
         21 . A peptide obtainable by the method of  claim 20 . 
     
     
         22 . The peptide of  claim 8 , wherein A6 is selected from the group consisting of Cit, H, I, K, R, S, W, Y, M, F, V and P. 
     
     
         23 . The peptide of  claim 22 , wherein the peptide is a cyclic peptide comprising a ring of at least 8 amino acids. 
     
     
         24 . The peptide of  claim 23 , wherein the ring comprises at least 11 amino acids. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 1  wherein said peptide comprising the motif XG and the peptide comprising the motif XnonG are separate peptides.

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