Abuse and misuse deterrent transdermal systems

Abstract

An abuse deterrent and misuse deterrent transdermal patch comprising aversive agents incorporated in the backing layer of the patch. The aversive agents can exhibit biphasic or sustained kinetics of release with an immediate portion released rapidly and an extended portion released in a prolonged manner when exposed to a dissolution medium. The prolonged aversive agent release provides deterrence against extraction of drug from fresh and used patches and serves to prevent accidental misuse of used patches by children. The abuse deterrent and misuse deterrent patch systems can be used for transdermal delivery of therapeutically active agents and particularly those drugs that are highly prone to abuse such as opiate and opioid analgesics and stimulants.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . An abuse deterrent or misuse deterrent transdermal patch system comprising a patch backing layer, wherein said backing layer comprises a distal side and a proximal side, wherein one or more aversive agents is incorporated into or irreversibly adhered onto the distal side of the backing layer, and wherein the one or more aversive agents exhibits a biphasic or sustained release profile when immersed in a dissolution medium. 
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises an adhesive layer adhered to the proximal side of the backing layer. 
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 2 , wherein the transdermal patch system and the adhesive layer is free or essentially free of any drug. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 2 , wherein the adhesive layer is an adhesive drug-containing layer. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 4 , wherein the therapeutically active agent is selected from the group consisting of sex steroid hormones, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, glucocorticoids, opioids, opiate analgesics, and stimulants. 
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 5 , wherein the therapeutically active agent is selected from the group consisting of an opioid, an opiate analgesic and a stimulant. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 6 , wherein the opioid, opiate analgesic or stimulant is selected from the group consisting of fentanyl, sufentantil, buprenorphine and methylphenidate. 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 2 , wherein the system further comprises a release liner. 
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein the release liner is a permeable release liner. 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 9 , wherein the permeable release liner is a perforated permeable release liner. 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 10 , wherein the perforated permeable release liner comprises holes from about 0.05 to about 0.50 mm in diameter. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 11 , wherein the holes are at a density of from about 75 to about 150 holes per square centimeter. 
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more aversive agents is incorporated into a polymer layer. 
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 13 , wherein the polymer layer comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of polyisobutylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer, natural rubber, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone and cellulosic polymers. 
     
     
         15 . The system of  claim 14 , wherein the polymer is polyisobutylene. 
     
     
         16 . An abuse deterrent or misuse deterrent transdermal drug delivery system comprising a patch backing layer, an adhesive drug-containing layer, and a release liner, wherein one or more aversive agents is incorporated into or irreversibly adhered onto the distal side of the patch backing layer, wherein the adhesive drug-containing layer comprises one or more therapeutically active agents, wherein said adhesive drug-containing layer is adhered to the proximal side of the patch backing layer, wherein the release liner is reversibly adhered to the adhesive drug-containing layer, and wherein the release liner is permeable release liner. 
     
     
         17 . The system of  claim 16 , wherein the therapeutically active agent is selected from the group consisting of sex steroid hormones, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, glucocorticoids, opioids, opiate analgesics, and stimulants. 
     
     
         18 . The system of  claim 17 , wherein the therapeutically active agent is selected from the group consisting of an opioid, an opiate analgesic and a stimulant. 
     
     
         19 . The system of  claim 18 , wherein the opioid, opiate analgesic or stimulant is selected from the group consisting of fentanyl, sufentantil, buprenorphine and methylphenidate. 
     
     
         20 . The system of  claim 16 , wherein the permeable release liner is a perforated permeable release liner. 
     
     
         21 . The system of  claim 20 , wherein the perforated permeable release liner comprises holes from about 0.05 to about 0.50 mm in diameter. 
     
     
         22 . The system of  claim 21 , wherein the holes are at a density of from about 75 to about 150 holes per square centimeter. 
     
     
         23 . The system of  claim 16 , wherein the one or more aversive agents is incorporated into a polymer layer. 
     
     
         24 . The system of  claim 23 , wherein the polymer layer comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of polyisobutylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer, natural rubber, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone and cellulosic polymers. 
     
     
         25 . The system of  claim 24 , wherein the polymer is polyisobutylene. 
     
     
         26 . A method of reducing the potential abuse or misuse of a therapeutically active agent in a drug-containing patch system by an animal, comprising administering to the animal a patch system of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 26 , wherein the animal is a human.