Dispersant viscosity modifiers with amine functionality

Abstract

A lubricating composition includes an oil of lubricating viscosity and an oil-soluble dispersant viscosity modifier. The dispersant viscosity modifier includes an olefin-based polymer backbone and at least one pendent group derived from a functionalized aliphatic amine. Each pendent group is independently attached to the olefin-based polymer backbone. The pendent group is non-ionic, non-basic, and non-acidic and includes a functional group which includes at least one heteroatom other than nitrogen.

1 . A lubricating composition comprising:
 an oil of lubricating viscosity; and   an oil-soluble dispersant viscosity modifier comprising:
 an olefin-based polymer backbone, and 
 at least one pendent group derived from a functionalized aliphatic amine, the functionalized aliphatic amine comprising an alkanolamine having the formula: 
   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where R 1  is an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, each of the at least one pendent groups being independently attached to the olefin-based polymer backbone and being non-ionic, non-basic, and non-acidic. 
       
     
     
         2 - 7 . (canceled) 
     
     
         8 . The lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the functionalized aliphatic amine is selected from the group consisting of ethanolamine, 3-aminopropan-1-ol, 4-aminobutan-1-ol, 5-aminopentan-1-ol, 6-aminohexan-1-ol, 7-aminoheptan-1-ol, 8-aminooctan-1-ol, 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol, 3-amino-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-propanediamine, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         9 - 15 . (canceled) 
     
     
         16 . The lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the functional group is spaced from a nitrogen derived from the functionalized aliphatic amine by a C 4 -C 24  hydrocarbyl group. 
     
     
         17 . The lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the olefin-based polymer backbone comprises units derived from (i) an α-olefin monomer and (ii) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer or derivative thereof. 
     
     
         18 . The lubricating composition of  claim 17 , wherein the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride, maleic anhydrides, chlormaleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, and corresponding dicarboxylic acids and esters thereof, alkyl-substituted derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         19 . (canceled) 
     
     
         20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . The lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein a ratio by weight of the pendent groups to the polymer backbone in the dispersant viscosity modifier is up to 10:100. 
     
     
         22 . The lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the dispersant viscosity modifier comprises at least two of the pendent groups per molecule of the dispersant viscosity modifier, on average. 
     
     
         23 . The lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the dispersant viscosity modifier has:
 an HLB value of at least 2 and up to 6, where HLB=20*Mh/M, where Mh is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule and M is the molecular mass of the whole molecule;   a TBN of up to 5, on an oil-free basis, according to the method described in ASTM D2896-11; and   a TAN of up to 5, on an oil-free basis, according to the method described in ASTM D664-11A.   
     
     
         24 - 26 . (canceled) 
     
     
         27 . The lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the olefin-based polymer backbone comprises an ethylene-olefin-based copolymer. 
     
     
         28 . The lubricating composition of  claim 27 , wherein ethylene-olefin-based copolymer comprises at least 10 mole percent ethylene. 
     
     
         29 . The lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the olefin-based polymer backbone has a number average molecular weight greater of at least 1000. 
     
     
         30 . The lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity is present in the composition at a concentration of at least 10 wt. %. 
     
     
         31 . The lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the dispersant viscosity modifier is present in the composition at a concentration of at least 0.05 wt. %. 
     
     
         32 . The lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C., as determined by ASTM D445-12, of less than 15 mm 2 /s or at least 35 mm 2 /s. 
     
     
         33 . (canceled) 
     
     
         34 . The lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises at least one of a dispersant, a detergent, an overbased detergent, an antioxidant a viscosity modifier, a friction modifier, a corrosion inhibitor, a pour point depressant, a seal swell agent, a demulsifier, and an antiwear agent. 
     
     
         35 . (canceled) 
     
     
         36 . A process for making a lubricating composition comprising:
 (i) providing an ethylene propylene based polymer backbone comprising acylating groups derived from maleic anhydride;   (ii) reacting at least one of the acylating groups with a functionalized aliphatic amine to provide an aminated dispersant viscosity modifier with at least one pendent group, each of the at least one pendent group being independently attached to the olefin-based polymer backbone, each of the at least one pendent group being non-ionic, non-basic, and non-acidic, the functionalized aliphatic amine comprising 3-aminopropanol or aminoethyl ethylene urea; and   (iii) combining the aminated dispersant viscosity modifier with an oil of lubricating viscosity, and at least one performance additive to provide a lubricating composition with a sulfur content of 0.5 wt. % or less, a phosphorus content of 0.1 wt. % or less, and a sulfated ash content of 1.5 wt. % or less.   
     
     
         37 . The process of  claim 36 , wherein the providing of the olefin-based polymer with one or more acylating linking groups comprises grafting one or more unsaturated carboxylic reactants onto an olefin-based polymer backbone. 
     
     
         38 . The lubricating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the lubricating composition has a sulfur content of 0.5 wt. % or less, a phosphorus content of 0.1 wt. % or less, and a sulfated ash content of 1.5 wt. % or less. 
     
     
         39 . A method for lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising:
 supplying to the internal combustion engine the lubricating composition of  claim 1 .   
     
     
         40 . A lubricating composition comprising:
 an oil of lubricating viscosity; and   an oil-soluble dispersant viscosity modifier comprising:
 an ethylene-olefin-based polymer backbone, and 
 at least one pendent group derived from a functionalized aliphatic amine, the at least one pendent group being selected from: