Methods of Making Deuterium-Enriched N-acetylcysteine Amide (D-NACA) and (2R, 2R')-3,3'-Disulfanediyl BIS(2-Acetamidopropanamide) (DINACA) and Using D-NACA and DINACA to Treat Diseases Involving Oxidative Stress
Abstract
The present invention includes pharmaceutical composition comprising (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide)(diNACA) or D 3 -N-acetyl cysteine amide, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, having a deuterium enrichment above the natural abundance of deuterium, and derivatives or solids thereof, and methods of using diNACA to treat eye diseases and other diseases associated with oxidative damage including, e.g., antivenom, beta-thallassemia, cataract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, macular degeneration, contrast-induced nephropathy, asthma, lung contusion, methamphetamine-induced oxidative stress, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, platelet apoptosis, Tardive dyskinesia, Alzheimer disease, HIV-1-associated dementia, mitochondrial diseases, myocardial myopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, skin pigmentation, skin in need of rejuventation, antimicrobial infection, Friedreich's ataxia.
Claims
exact text as granted — not AI-modifiedWhat is claimed is:
1 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediylbis(2-acetamidopropanamide)(diNACA) and derivatives or solids thereof.
2 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide) has the following formula:
3 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , comprising 0.1 mole percent (mol %) to 97 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide); 5 mol % to 95 mol % of the (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide); 78 mol % to 95 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide); 88 mol % to 92 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide); or 78 mol % to 82 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide).
4 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , comprising 90 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide) and 10 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide); 80 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide) and 20 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide); 85 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3, (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide)N-acetyl cysteine amide; or 70 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide) and 30 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide).
5 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable salts, excipients, adjuvants, or additives.
6 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the diNACA is enantiopure (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide).
7 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the diNACA is enantiopure (2S,2S′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide).
8 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the diNACA is a racemic mixture of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide) and (2S,2S′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide).
9 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the diNACA is enantiopure (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide).
10 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the diNACA is enantiopure (2S,2S′)-3,3′-disulfanediylbis(2-acetamidopropanamide).
11 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the diNACA is a racemic mixture of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide) and (2S,2S′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide).
12 . A method of treating a disease associated with oxidative damage, comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide) to a patient in need thereof.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the disease is an eye disease or disorder.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the disease is retinitis pigmentosa.
15 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the disease is antivenom, beta-thallassemia, cataract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, macular degeneration, contrast-induced nephropathy, asthma, lung contusion, methamphetamine-induced oxidative stress, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, platelet apoptosis, Tardive dyskinesia, Alzheimer disease, HIV-1-associated dementia, mitochondrial diseases, myocardial myopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, skin pigmentation, skin in need of rejuventation, antimicrobial infection, Friedreich's ataxia.
16 . A method of making (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediylbis(2-acetamidopropanamide) (diNACA) comprising the steps of:
forming L-Cystine Dimethylester Dihydrochloride from L-cystine by the following reaction:
forming Di-NACMe from L-Cystine Dimethylester Dihydrochloride by the following reaction:
generating DiNACA from Di-NACMe by the following reaction:
17 . The method of claim 16 , further comprising the step of purifying the DiNACA by the following reaction:
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the purified diNACA comprises 0.1 mol % to 97 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide); 5 mol % to 95 mol % of the (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide); 78 mol % to 95 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide); 88 mol % to 92 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide); or 78 mol % to 82 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide).
19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the purified diNACA comprises 90 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide) and 10 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide); 80 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediylbis(2-acetamidopropanamide) and 20 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide); 85 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3, (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide)N-acetyl cysteine amide; or 70 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide) and 30 mol % of (2R,2R′)-3,3′-disulfanediyl bis(2-acetamidopropanamide).
20 . The method of claim 16 , further comprising the step of formulating a pharmaceutical composition by mixing the diNACA with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant or additive.
21 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising deuterated N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA-d 3 ), or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, having a deuterium enrichment above the natural abundance of deuterium; and D 3 -N-acetyl cysteine amide, or a physiologically acceptable derivative thereof, having a deuterium enrichment above the natural abundance of deuterium.
22 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 , wherein the deuterated N-acetylcysteine amide has the following formula:
23 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 , comprising 0.1 mole/percent (mol %) to 97 mol % of the D 3 -N-acetyl cysteine amide; 5 mol % to 95 mol % of the D 3 -N-acetyl cysteine amide; 78 mol % to 95 mol % of the D 3 -N-acetyl cysteine amide; 88 mol % to 92 mol % of the D 3 -N-acetyl cysteine amide; or 78 mol % to 82 mol % of the D 3 -N-acetyl cysteine amide.
24 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 , comprising 90 mol % of the D 3 -N-acetyl cysteine and 10 mol % of the N-acetyl cysteine amide; 80 mol % of the D 3 -N-acetyl cysteine and 20 mol % of the N-acetyl cysteine amide; 85 mol % of the D 3 -N-acetyl cysteine amide and 15 mol % of the N-acetyl cysteine amide; or 70 mol % of the D 3 -N-acetyl cysteine amide and 30 mol % of the N-acetyl cysteine amide.
25 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 , wherein the deuterium enrichment in D3-position in the D 3 -N-acetyl cysteine amide is about 90 mol % to 98 mol %.
26 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 , wherein the difference in the deuterium enrichment in the D3-positions in the D 3 -N-acetyl cysteine is about 8 to 10 percentage points.
27 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 , further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant or additive.
28 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 , wherein the deuterium enrichment above the natural abundance of deuterium is within a predefined range of 0.02 mol % to 100 mol % deuterium, as determined by NMR spectroscopy in d 6 -dimethyl sulfoxide using a 500 MHz spectrometer.
29 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 , wherein NACA-d 3 is enantiopure (R)-2-acetylamino-3-mercapto-propamide.
30 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 , wherein NACA-d 3 is enantiopure (S)-2-acetylamino-3-mercapto-propamide.
31 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 , wherein NACA-d 3 is a racemic mixture of (R)-2-acetylamino-3-mercapto-propamide and (S)-2-acetylamino-3-mercapto-propamide.
32 . A method of treating a disease associated with oxidative damage, comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition of claim 21 to a patient in need thereof.
33 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the disease is a disease of the eye.
34 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the disease is retinitis pigmentosa.
35 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the disease is antivenom, beta-thallassemia, cataract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, macular degeneration, contrast-induced nephropathy, asthma, lung contusion, methamphetamine-induced oxidative stress, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, platelet apoptosis, Tardive dyskinesia, Alzheimer disease, HIV-1-associated dementia, mitochondrial diseases, myocardial myopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, or Friedreich's ataxia.
36 . A method of making deuterium enriched N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA-d 3 ) comprising the steps of:
37 . A method of making deuterium enriched N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA-d 3 ) comprising the steps of:Cited by (0)
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