Pro-drugs of nsaias with very high skin and membranes penetration rates and their new medicinal uses

Abstract

The novel positively charged pro-drugs of NSAIAs in the general formulas (1, 2a, 2b, 2c, or 2d) “Structure 1, 2a, 2b, 2c, or 2d” were designed and synthesized. The compounds of the general formalas (1, 2a, 2b, 2c, or 2d) “Structure 1, 2a, 2b, 2c, or 2d” indicated above can be prepared from metal salts, organic base salts, or immobilized base salts of NSAIAs with suitable halide compounds. The positively charged amino groups in the pro-drugs in this invention largely increase the solubility of the drugs in water and will bond to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membrane. Thus, the local concentration of the outside of the membrane or skin will be very high and will facilitate the passage of these pm-drugs from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. This bonding will disturb the membrane a little bit and may make some room for the lipophilic portion of the pro-drug. When the molecules of membrane move, the membrane may “crack” a little bit due to the bonding of the pro-drug. This will let the pro-drug insert into the membrane. At pH 7.4, only about 99% of the amino group is protonated. W hen the amino group is not protonated, the bonding between the amino group of the pro-drug and the phosphate head group of the membrane will disassociate, and the pro-drug will enter the membrane completely. When the amino group of the pro-drug flips to the other side of the membrane and thus becomes protonated, then the pro-drug is pulled into the cytosol, a semi-liquid concentrated aqueous solution or suspension. These pro-drugs can be used for treating and preventing diabetes (type I or/and type II), abnormal blood glucose and lipid levels, stroke, heart attack, and other heart and vascular diseases Alzheimer's diseases, Parkinson's diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases, psoriasis, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune hepatitis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and other autoimmune diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), and other muscle disorders, inflamed hemorrhoids, cryptitis, other inflammatory conditions of the anorectum, and pruritus ani, prostatitis, prostatocystitis, varicose veins, autoimmune liver inflammation, autoimmune kidney inflammation, vein inflammation and other inflammations, skin cancers, breast cancer, colon-rectum cancer, oral cancer, and other cancers, scars, abnormal vascular skin lesions, birthmarks, moles (nevi), skin tags, aging spots (liver spots), and other skin disorders. These pro-drugs can be administered transdermally without the help of skin penetration enhancers.

1 - 2 . (canceled) 
     
     
         3 . A process for the preparation of a compound of formula Structure 2b, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein:
 R represents nothing or C 1 -C 10  alkylene, wherein any CH 2  in R may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 6 R 7 , or arylene or heteroarylene residues; 
 R 1  represents nothing or C 1 -C 10  alkylene, wherein any CH 2  in R 1  may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 6 R 7 , or arylene or heteroarylene residues; 
 R 2  represents nothing or C 1 -C 10  alkylene, wherein any CH 2  in R 2  may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 6 R 7 , or arylene or heteroarylene residues; 
 R 4  represents H or a C 1 -C 12  alkyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyloxy, C 2 -C 12  alkenyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyl halide, or C 2 -C 12  alkynyl residue, an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety, wherein any CH 2  may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 6 R 7 , an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety; 
 R 6  represents H, C 1 -C 12  alkyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyloxy, C 2 -C 12  alkenyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyl halide, C 2 -C 12  alkynyl, an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety, wherein any CH 2  may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 7 R 5 , an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety, 
 R 7  represents H, C 1 -C 12  alkyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyloxy, C 2 -C 12  alkenyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyl halide, C 2 -C 12  alkynyl, an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety, wherein any CH 2  may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 7 R 5 , an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety; 
 R 5  represents H, C 1 -C 12  alkyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyloxy, C 2 -C 12  alkenyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyl halide, C 2 -C 12  alkynyl, an aryl moiety, or heteroaryl moiety, wherein any CH 2  may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 7 R 6 , an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety; 
 X represents a bond, O, NH, NR 6 , or S; 
 HA represents nothing or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid; 
 Ary- represents 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein:
 R x  represents H, CH 3 , CH 3 O, HO, CH 3 CH 2 , CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, Cl, F, Br, or F; 
 R y  represents H, C 1 -C 12  alkyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyloxyl, C 2 -C 12  alkenyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyl halide, C 2 -C 12  alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; 
 X 1  or X 4  represents CH 2 , S, O, NH, or CO; 
 X 2  or X 5  represents CH, CR 8 , or N; 
 X 3  represents O, S, NH, or NR 8 ; 
 R 8  represents H, OH, Cl, F, Br, I, C 1 -C 12  alkyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyloxyl, C 2 -C 12  alkenyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyl halide, C 2 -C 12 alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; 
 Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , and Y 6  represent independently H, HO, CH 3 COO, R y COO, HS, NO 2 , CN, CH 3 COS, NH 2 , CH 3 CONH, R y CONH, CH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 , C 3 H 7 , C 4 H 9 , CH 3 O, CH 3 CH 2 O, C 3 H 7 O, Cl, F, Br, I, CH 3 S, CHF 2 O, CF 3 O, CF 3 CF 2 O, C 3 F 7 O, CF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 , C 3 F 7 , C 4 F 9 , CH 3 SO 2 , R y SO 2 , CH 3 SO, R y SO, CH 3 CO, or CH 3 CH 2 CO; 
 Ary- is achiral or chiral; and 
 if Ary- is chiral, it may have one or more chiral centers; 
 wherein the compound of the formula Structure 2b is prepared from an NSAIA by reaction of the NSAIA with N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or N,N′-Diisopropylcarbodiimide to form an anhydride, followed by reaction with an alcohol, a thiol, or an amine to form the compound of formula Structure 2b. 
 
     
     
         4 . A process for the preparation of a compound of formula Structure 2b, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
         R represents nothing or C 1 -C 10  alkylene, wherein any CH 2  in R may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 6 R 7 , or arylene or heteroarylene residues; 
         R 1  represents nothing or C 1 -C 10  alkylene, wherein any CH 2  in R 1  may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 6 R 7 , or arylene or heteroarylene residues; 
         R 2  represents nothing or C 1 -C 10  alkylene, wherein any CH 2  in R 2  may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 6 R 7 , or arylene or heteroarylene residues; 
         R 4  represents H or a C 1 -C 12  alkyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyloxy, C 2 -C 12  alkenyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyl halide, or C 2 -C 12  alkynyl residue, an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety, wherein any CH 2  may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 6 R 7 , an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety; 
         R6 represents H, C 1 -C 12  alkyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyloxy, C 2 -C 12  alkenyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyl halide, C 2 -C 12  alkynyl, an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety, wherein any CH 2  may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 7 R 5 , an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety, 
         R 7  represents H, C 1 -C 12  alkyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyloxy, C 2 -C 12  alkenyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyl halide, C 2 -C 12  alkynyl, an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety, wherein any CH 2  may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 7 R 5 , an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety; 
         R 5  represents H, C 1 -C 12  alkyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyloxy, C 2 -C 12  alkenyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyl halide, C 2 -C 12  alkynyl, an aryl moiety, or heteroaryl moiety, wherein any CH 2  may be replaced with O, S, CH═CH, C≡C, CHR 6 , CR 7 R 6 , an aryl moiety, or a heteroaryl moiety; 
         X represents a bond, O, NH, NR 6 , or S; 
         HA represents nothing or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid; 
         Ary- represents 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein:
 R x  represents H, CH 3 , CH 3 O, HO, CH 3 CH 2 , CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, Cl, F, Br, or F; 
 R y  represents H, C 1 -C 12  alkyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyloxyl, C 2 -C 12  alkenyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyl halide, C 2 -C 12  alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; 
 X 1  or X 4  represents CH 2 , S, O, NH, or CO; 
 X 2  or X 5  represents CH, CR 8 , or N; 
 X 3  represents O, S, NH, or NR 8 ; 
 R 8  represents H, OH, Cl, F, Br, I, C 1 -C 12  alkyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyloxyl, C 2 -C 12  alkenyl, C 1 -C 12  alkyl halide, C 2 -C 12 alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; 
 Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , and Y 6  represent independently H, HO, CH 3 COO, R y COO, HS, NO 2 , CN, CH 3 COS, NH 2 , CH 3 CONH, R y CONH, CH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 , C 3 H 7 , C 4 H 9 , CH 3 O, CH 3 CH 2 O, C 3 H 7 O, Cl, F, Br, I, CH 3 S, CHF 2 O, CF 3 O, CF 3 CF 2 O, C 3 F 7 O, CF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 , C 3 F 7 , C 4 F 9 , CH 3 SO 2 , R y SO 2 , CH 3 SO, R y SO, CH 3 CO, or CH 3 CH 2 CO; 
 Ary- is achiral or chiral; and 
 if Ary- is chiral, it may have one or more chiral centers; 
 wherein the compound of the formula Structure 2b is prepared by reaction of a metal salt of an NSAIA, an organic base salt of an NSAIA, or an immobilized base salt of an NSAIA with a halide compound to provide the compound of formula Structure 2b. 
 
     
     
         5 - 45 . (canceled)