Use of Alkyl Perfluoroalkene Ethers and Mixtures Thereof in High Temperature Heat Pumps

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a method for producing heating in a high temperature heat pump having a heat exchanger. The method comprises extracting heat from a working fluid, thereby producing a cooled working fluid wherein said working fluid comprises at least one alkyl perfluoroalkene ether. Also disclosed is a method of raising the maximum feasible condenser operating temperature in a high temperature heat pump apparatus. The method comprises charging the high temperature heat pump with a working fluid comprising at least one alkyl perfluoroalkene ether. Also disclosed is a high temperature heat pump apparatus. The apparatus contains a working fluid comprising at least one alkyl perfluoroalkene ether. Also disclosed is a composition comprising at least one alkyl perfluoroalkene ether, and specialized additives or lubricants for use in a high temperature heat pump.

1 - 11 . (canceled) 
     
     
         12 . A method for producing heating in a high temperature heat pump wherein heat is exchanged between at least two stages arranged in a cascade configuration, comprising:
 absorbing heat at a selected lower temperature in a first working fluid in a first cascade stage and transferring this heat to a second working fluid of a second cascade stage that supplies heat at a higher temperature; wherein the second working fluid comprises at least one alkyl perfluoroalkene ether.   
     
     
         13 - 24 . (canceled) 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein said second working fluid comprises at least one alkyl perfluoroalkene ether selected from the group consisting of:
 a) compounds of formula CF 3 (CF 2 ) x CF═CFCF(OR)(CF 2 ) y CF 3 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) x C(OR)═CFCF 2 (CF 2 ) y CF 3 , CF 3 CF═CFCF(OR)(CF 2 ) x (CF 2 ) y CF 3 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) x CF═C(OR)CF 2 (CF 2 ) y CF 3 , or mixtures thereof, wherein R can be either CH 3 , C 2 H 5  or mixtures thereof, and wherein x and y are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, and wherein x+y=0, 1, 2, or 3;   b) compounds of formulas CF 3 (CF 2 ) x CF═CFCF(OR)(CF 2 ) y CF 3 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) x C(OR)═CFCF 2 (CF 2 ) y CF 3 , CF 3 CF═CFCF(OR)(CF 2 ) x (CF 2 ) y CF 3 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) x CF═C(OR)CF 2 (CF 2 ) y CF 3 , and mixtures thereof; wherein x and y are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 and wherein x+y=0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and wherein R is 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-ethyl, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentyl, or 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl; and   c) mixtures of compounds from (a) and (b).   
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the second working fluid comprises at least one alkyl perfluoroalkene ether selected from the group consisting of 5-methoxyperfluoro-3-heptene, 3-methoxyperfluoro-3-heptene, 4-methoxyperfluoro-2-heptene, and 3-methoxyperfluoro-2-heptene, or mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the second working fluid comprises at least one alkyl perfluoroalkene ether selected from the group consisting of 4-methoxyperfluoro-2-pentene, 2-methoxyperfluoro-2-pentene, 3-methoxyperfluoro-2-pentene, and 2-methoxyperfluoro-3-pentene, or mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the second working fluid further comprises at least one compound selected from a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a hydrofluoroether, a hydrofluoroolefin, a hydrochlorofluorolefin, a siloxane, a hydrocarbon, an alcohol, and a perfluoropolyether, or mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 28 , wherein the second working fluid comprises an azeotropic or near-azeotropic mixture. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the azeotropic or near azeotropic mixture comprises at least one methyl perfluoroheptene ether and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of heptane, ethanol, and trans-1,2-dichloroethene. 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the azeotropic or near azeotropic mixture comprises at least one methyl perfluoropentene ether and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of trans-1,2-dichloroethene, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, heptane, hexane, cyclopentane, ethyl formate, methyl formate, C 4 F 9 OCH 3 , C 4 F 9 OC 2 H 5 , HFC-365mfc, and 1-bromopropane. 
     
     
         32 - 33 . (canceled) 
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the second working fluid comprises at least one alkyl perfluoroalkene ether selected from the group consisting of cis- and trans-2-methoxyperfluoro-2-octene, 2-methoxyperfluoro-3-octene, or mixtures thereof.