System and method for optogenetic therapy

Abstract

Configurations are described for utilizing light-activated proteins within cell membranes and subcellular regions to assist with medical treatment paradigms, such as hypertension treatment via anatomically specific and temporally precise modulation of renal plexus activity. The invention provides for proteins, nucleic acids, vectors and methods for genetically targeted expression of light-sensitive proteins to specific cells or defined cell populations. In particular the invention provides systems, devices, and methods for millisecond-timescale temporal control of certain cell activities using moderate light intensities, such as the generation or inhibition of electrical spikes in nerve cells and other excitable cells.

1 . A method for creating a directed action potential in a targeted nerve comprising light sensitive protein, comprising:
 a. providing a first implantable optical applicator configured to engage the targeted nerve and to deliver light to the targeted nerve, the first implantable optical applicator operatively coupled to a first light source configured to deliver photons to the first implantable optical applicator which may be emitted by the first implantable optical applicator into the targeted nerve to cause a membrane polarization change in the targeted nerve;   b. providing a second implantable optical applicator configured to engage the targeted nerve and to deliver light to the targeted nerve, the second implantable optical applicator operatively coupled to a second light source configured to deliver photons to the second implantable optical applicator which may be emitted by the second implantable optical applicator into the targeted nerve to cause a membrane polarization change in the targeted nerve; and   c. operatively coupling a controller to the first light source and the second light source, the controller configured to cause photons to be directed to each of the first and second implantable optical applicators, such that an action potential is created which propagates in a first desired direction along the nerve, and which does not substantially propagate in a reverse direction along the nerve.