Filter materials, filters, filtering systems, and methods of filtering

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide metal ligand nanoparticles, particles including the metal ligand nanoparticles, filters including the metal ligand nanoparticles and/or particles, devices and systems for filtering a fluid, compositions including the metal ligand nanoparticles, and the like.

At least the following is claimed: 
     
         1 . A system for filtering a fluid to remove an anionic contaminant from a fluid comprising:
 a device including a filter, wherein the device is configured to flow the fluid through the filter to remove the anionic contaminant from the fluid, wherein the anionic contaminant is selected from a group consisting of: a phosphate, an arsenate, and a combination thereof, wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of: a down flow filtering device, a static filtering device, a fixed-media filtering device, an up flow filtering device, a fluidized-bed filtering device, a plug-flow batch filtering device, an agitated batch filtering device, a continuous stirred tank filtering device, a centrifugation filtering device, and a combination thereof,   wherein the filter configured to receive the fluid and filter the fluid comprises a metal ligand nanoparticle that has the characteristic of absorbing the anionic contaminant, wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle is selected from the group consisting of: Zr, Ti, and Hf, wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle comprises a ligand selected from the group consisting of: HPO 4   2− , (O 3 P—R—PO 3 ) 4− , (O 3 PO—ROPO 3 ) 4− , and a combination thereof, where R=CH 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 2 H 40 , or C 6 H 4 .   
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the metal is Zr. 
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle is attached to a particle. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 3 , wherein particle is selected from the group consisting of a silica particle, a polymer particle, and a combination thereof. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the metal is Ti. 
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the metal is Hf. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle comprises a ligand selected from the group consisting of: HPO 4   2− , (O 3 P—R—PO 3 ) 4− , or (O 3 PO—ROPO 3 ) 4− . 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle comprises a ligand, wherein the ligand is HPO 4   2− . 
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle comprises a ligand, wherein the ligand is (O 3 P—R—PO 3 ) 4− . 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle comprises a ligand, wherein the ligand is (O 3 PO—ROPO 3 ) 4− . 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the anionic contaminant is a phosphate. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the anionic contaminant is an arsenate. 
     
     
         13 . A system for filtering a fluid to remove an anionic contaminant from a fluid comprising:
 a device including a filter, wherein the device is configured to flow the fluid through the filter to remove the anionic contaminant from the fluid, wherein the anionic contaminant is selected from a group consisting of: a phosphate, an arsenate, and a combination thereof, wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of: a down flow filtering device, a static filtering device, a fixed-media filtering device, an up flow filtering device, a fluidized-bed filtering device, a plug-flow batch filtering device, an agitated batch filtering device, a continuous stirred tank filtering device, a centrifugation filtering device, and a combination thereof,   wherein the filter configured to receive the fluid and filter the fluid comprises a metal ligand nanoparticle that has the characteristic of absorbing the anionic contaminant, wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle is Zr, wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle comprises a HPO 4   2−  ligand.   
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 13 , wherein the anionic contaminant is a phosphate. 
     
     
         15 . The system of  claim 13 , wherein the anionic contaminant is an arsenate. 
     
     
         16 . A system for filtering a fluid to remove an anionic contaminant from a fluid comprising:
 a device including a filter, wherein the device is configured to flow the fluid through the filter to remove the anionic contaminant from the fluid, wherein the anionic contaminant is selected from a group consisting of: a phosphate, an arsenate, and a combination thereof, wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of: a down flow filtering device, a static filtering device, a fixed-media filtering device, an up flow filtering device, a fluidized-bed filtering device, a plug-flow batch filtering device, an agitated batch filtering device, a continuous stirred tank filtering device, a centrifugation filtering device, and a combination thereof,   wherein the filter configured to receive the fluid and filter the fluid comprises a metal ligand nanoparticle that has the characteristic of absorbing the anionic contaminant, wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle is Zr, a ligand selected from the group consisting of: (O 3 P—R—PO 3 ) 4− , (O 3 PO—ROPO 3 ) 4− , and a combination thereof, where R=CH 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 2 H 40 , or C 6 H 4 .   
     
     
         17 . The system of  claim 16 , wherein the anionic contaminant is a phosphate. 
     
     
         18 . The system of  claim 16 , wherein the anionic contaminant is an arsenate.