Processes for preparing tph1 inhibitors

Abstract

The present disclosure is directed to intermediates and salts thereof useful for the preparation of spirocyclic compounds which are inhibitors of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), particularly isoform 1 (TPH 1). Processes of preparing the intermediates, salts, and TPH inhibitors are also provided.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A process of increasing the amount of an isomeric compound of Formula I-(S): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1  is C 1-6  alkyl and Pg 1  is an amino protecting group, relative to an amount of an isomeric compound of Formula I-(R): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in a starting mixture comprising both isomeric compounds of Formula I-(S) and Formula I-(R), the process comprising:
 reacting the starting mixture with 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid, or a hydrate thereof, in the presence of an aldehyde to form a salt mixture comprising 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid salts of the isomeric compounds, 
 wherein the salt mixture has an increased amount of the gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) relative to the amount of gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(R) when compared with the relative amounts of the isomeric compounds of Formulas I-(S) and I-(R) present in the starting mixture. 
 
     
     
         2 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid, or a hydrate thereof, is 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid monohydrate. 
     
     
         3 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the reacting is carried out with about 1 molar equivalent of the 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid, or a hydrate thereof, with respect to the combined amount of both isomeric compounds of Formula I-(S) and Formula I-(R) in the starting mixture. 
     
     
         4 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the aldehyde is benzaldehyde. 
     
     
         5 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the reacting is carried out with less than 1 molar equivalent of the aldehyde with respect to the combined amount of both isomeric compounds of Formula I-(S) and Formula I-(R) in the starting mixture. 
     
     
         6 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the reacting is carried out with about 0.01 to about 0.1 molar equivalents of the aldehyde with respect to the combined amount of both isomeric compounds of Formula I-(S) and Formula I-(R) in the starting mixture. 
     
     
         7 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the reacting is carried out at a temperature of about 30° C. to about 40° C. 
     
     
         8 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the reacting is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent. 
     
     
         9 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the reacting is carried out in the presence of an ether solvent. 
     
     
         10 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the reacting is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent comprising 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. 
     
     
         11 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the enantiomeric excess of the gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) in the salt mixture is about 75% or greater. 
     
     
         12 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the enantiomeric excess of the gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) in the salt mixture is about 90% or greater. 
     
     
         13 . The process of  claim 1 , further comprising recrystallizing the salt mixture to form a purified salt mixture having an increased amount of the gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) relative to the gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(R) when compared with the relative amounts of the gulonic acid salts of the isomeric compounds prior to the purification. 
     
     
         14 . The process of  claim 13 , wherein the enantiomeric excess of the gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) is about 90% or greater. 
     
     
         15 . The process of  claim 13 , wherein the enantiomeric excess of the gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) is about 95% or greater. 
     
     
         16 . The process of  claim 13 , further comprising reacting the purified salt mixture with a base to form a freebased mixture comprising isomeric compounds having Formula I-(S) and Formula I-(R): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         17 . The process of  claim 16 , wherein the base is in the form of an aqueous solution. 
     
     
         18 . The process of  claim 16 , wherein the base is an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate. 
     
     
         19 . The process of  claim 16 , wherein the reacting of the purified salt mixture is carried out with a molar excess amount of base with respect to the combined amount of both gulonic acid salts of the isomeric compounds of Formula I-(S) and Formula I-(R) in the salt mixture. 
     
     
         20 . The process of  claim 16 , wherein the reacting of the purified salt mixture is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent. 
     
     
         21 . The process of  claim 16 , wherein the reacting of the purified salt mixture is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent comprising an ether solvent and a hydrocarbon solvent. 
     
     
         22 . The process of  claim 16 , wherein the reacting of the purified salt mixture is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent comprising 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and n-heptane. 
     
     
         23 . The process of  claim 16 , wherein the enantiomeric excess of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) in the freebased mixture is about 90% or greater. 
     
     
         24 . The process of  claim 16 , wherein the enantiomeric excess of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) in the freebased mixture is about 95% or greater. 
     
     
         25 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein R 1  is ethyl. 
     
     
         26 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein Pg 1  is tert-butoxycarbonyl. 
     
     
         27 . A mixture of isomeric compounds having Formulas I-(S) and I-(R): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  is C 1-6  alkyl and Pg 1  is an amino protecting group, and wherein the enantiomeric excess of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) is about 90% or greater. 
       
     
     
         28 . The mixture of  claim 27 , wherein the enantiomeric excess of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) is about 95% or greater. 
     
     
         29 . The mixture of  claim 27 , wherein R 1  is ethyl. 
     
     
         30 . The mixture of  claim 27 , wherein Pg 1  is tert-butoxycarbonyl. 
     
     
         31 . A 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) or Formula I-(R): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1  is C 1-6  alkyl and Pg 1  is an amino protecting group. 
     
     
         32 . The salt of  claim 31 , wherein R 1  is ethyl. 
     
     
         33 . The salt of  claim 31 , wherein Pg 1  is tert-butoxycarbonyl. 
     
     
         34 . The salt of  claim 31 , which is the 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S). 
     
     
         35 . A mixture of isomeric compounds having Formulas I-(S) and I-(R): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein the mixture is prepared according to the process of  claim 16 , wherein R 1  is C 1-6  alkyl and Pg 1  is an amino protecting group, and wherein the enantiomeric excess of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) is about 90% or greater. 
     
     
         36 . The mixture of  claim 35 , wherein the enantiomeric excess of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) is about 95% or greater. 
     
     
         37 . The mixture of  claim 35 , wherein R 1  is ethyl. 
     
     
         38 . The mixture of  claim 35 , wherein Pg 1  is tert-butoxycarbonyl. 
     
     
         39 . A 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S) or Formula I-(R): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein the salt is prepared according to the process of  claim 1 , and wherein R 1  is C 1-6  alkyl and Pg 1  is an amino protecting group. 
     
     
         40 . The salt of  claim 39 , wherein R 1  is ethyl. 
     
     
         41 . The salt of  claim 39 , wherein Pg 1  is tert-butoxycarbonyl. 
     
     
         42 . The salt of  claim 39 , which is the 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula I-(S). 
     
     
         43 . A process of increasing the amount of an isomeric compound of Formula Ia-(S): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       relative to an amount of an isomeric compound of Formula Ia-(R): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in a starting mixture comprising both isomeric compounds of Formula Ia-(S) and Formula Ia-(R), the process comprising:
 reacting the starting mixture with 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid monohydrate in the presence of benzaldehyde to form a salt mixture comprising 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid salts of the isomeric compounds, wherein the salt mixture has an increased amount of the gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula Ia-(S) relative to the amount of gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula Ia-(R) when compared with the relative amounts of the isomeric compounds of Formulas Ia-(S) and Ia-(R) present in the starting mixture; 
 recrystallizing the salt mixture to form a purified salt mixture having an increased amount of the gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula Ia-(S) relative to the gulonic acid salt of the isomeric compound of Formula Ia-(R) when compared with the relative amounts of the gulonic acid salts of the isomeric compounds prior to the purification; and 
 reacting the purified salt mixture in the presence of sodium carbonate to form a freebased mixture comprising isomeric compounds having Formula Ia-(S) and Formula Ia-(R), wherein the enantiomeric excess of the isomeric compound of Formula Ia-(S) in the freebased mixture is about 90% or greater.