Water absorbing or water soluble polymers, intermediate compounds, and methods thereof

Abstract

Disclosed are graft copolymers, compositions including graft copolymers, intermediate materials, and related methods, where the graft copolymer includes a first polymer component including a 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene compound (preferably a methylene malonate compound) and is grafted to a second component. The resulting graft copolymer may be hydrophilic or water soluble. The second component preferably is a hydrophilic component.

1 - 12 . (canceled) 
     
     
         13 . A polymeric composition comprising:
 i) about 10 weight percent or more of a grafted polymer comprising a first component including a polymer formed by polymerizing one or more monomers including a 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene compound attached to a second component that is a hydrophilic component, wherein the hydrophilic component includes a cation or a water-soluble polymer, based on the total weight of the polymeric composition; and   ii) about 0.5 to about 90 weight percent of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a filler, a stabilizer, a process aid, a biocide, a polymer, a colorant, a salt, and any combination thereof.   
     
     
         14 . A polymerizable composition comprising a 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene compound grafted to a water-soluble polymer. 
     
     
         15 . The polymerizable composition of  claim 14 , wherein
 i) the water-soluble polymer is grafted to two or more 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene compounds; and/or   ii) the 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene compound is grafted to a single water-soluble polymer.   
     
     
         16 . The polymeric composition of  claim 13 , wherein the hydrophylic component is the cation. 
     
     
         17 . The polymeric composition of  claim 16 , wherein the polymerizable composition is further characterized by one or any combination of the following:
 i) the polymeric composition includes one or more 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene compounds that are not attached to the cation or water-soluble polymer and free of any unreacted water soluble polymers or cation; or   ii) the polymeric composition includes a cross-linker for cross-linking the 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene compounds; or   the polymeric composition includes a catalyst for accelerating a polymerization reaction of the 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene compound.   
     
     
         18 . A method of forming a grafted compound comprising a step of grafting a 1,1-diester-1-alkene compound with a quaternary ammonium compound or with a water-soluble polymer. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the method includes one or any combination of the following:
 i) the grafting step includes a transesterification reaction;   ii) the water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of a polyacrylamide, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyacrylic acid, a polyalkoxide, an water soluble amine containing polymer, a copolymer of vinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, a copolymer thereof, or any combination thereof;   iii) the method includes a step of polymerizing the 1,1-diester-1-alkene compounds.   
     
     
         20 . A method of forming a grafted polymer including a step of polymerizing the polymerizable composition of  claim 14 . 
     
     
         21 . A conductive polymeric composition comprising:
 the grafted polymer of  claim 20  doped with one or more salts.   
     
     
         22 . A coating comprising the composition of  claim 13 . 
     
     
         23 . A-A composition comprised of the grafted polymer of  claim 20  of wherein the polymeric composition is a surfactant, an ionomer, an antifouling agent, a composition for petroleum recovery, a composition for water treatment, a flocculant, a composition for hydrometallurgy, a detergent, a composition for a pharmaceutical process, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         24 . The polymerizable composition of  claim 14 , wherein the 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene compound is grafted to two cations. 
     
     
         25 . The polymeric composition of  claim 13 , wherein the grafted polymer has a network structure. 
     
     
         26 . The polymeric composition of  claim 13 , wherein the first component includes a multifunctional 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene monomer having two or more polymerizable alkene groups. 
     
     
         27 . The polymeric composition of  claim 13 , wherein the 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene compound includes one or more 1,1-diester-1-alkenes, having a structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group which may contain one or more heteroatoms and X is oxygen or a direct bond. 
       
     
     
         28 . The polymeric composition of  claim 13 , wherein the 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene compound is a methylene malonate having a structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R is separately in each occurrence alkyl, alkenyl, C 3-9  cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, alkyl heterocyclyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, heteroaryl, or alkheteroaryl, or polyoxyalkylene, or both of the R's form a 5-7 membered cyclic or heterocyclic ring. 
       
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the grafting is catalyzed by an acid catalyst or an enzymatic catalyst. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the grafting is catalyzed by a Bronsted acid. 
     
     
         31 . The polymerizable composition of  claim 14 , wherein the 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene compound includes one or more 1,1-diester-1-alkenes, having a structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group which may contain one or more heteroatoms and X is oxygen or a direct bond. 
       
     
     
         32 . The polymerizable composition of  claim 14 , wherein the 1,1-disubstituted-1-alkene compound is a methylene malonate having a structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R is separately in each occurrence alkyl, alkenyl, C 3-9  cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, alkyl heterocyclyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, heteroaryl, or alkheteroaryl, or polyoxyalkylene, or both of the R's form a 5-7 membered cyclic or heterocyclic ring.