Process for producing hydrocarbons

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for producing hydrocarbons, said process comprising the steps, where feedstock of biological origin is degummed, the degummed feedstock is subjected to bleaching and/or hydrolysis, followed by hydroprocessing and catalytic cracking.

1 . A process for producing hydrocarbons, where said process comprises the steps,
 feedstock of biological origin is degummed to produce degummed feedstock;   the degummed feedstock is subjected to bleaching and/or hydrolysis to produce pretreated feedstock;   the pretreated feedstock is hydroprocessed catalytically to produce hydroprocessed feedstock;   the hydroprocessed feedstock is fractionated to produce at least one fraction comprising hydrocarbons having carbon number of at least C20; and   the fraction comprising hydrocarbons having carbon number of at least C20 and   at least one non-renewable feedstock is subjected to catalytic cracking to produce a product comprising hydrocarbons boiling in the range of 40-210° C.,   wherein the feedstock of biological origin comprises at least one oil derived from biological sources, comprising at least 85 wt % of C18-C26 fatty acids, wherein the C18-C26 fatty acids comprise at least 30 wt % of C20-C26 fatty acids.   
     
     
         2 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the fraction comprising hydrocarbons having carbon number of at least C20 is combined with the non-renewable feedstock. 
     
     
         3 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the feedstock of biological origin comprises at least one oil derived from biological sources, comprising at least 85-99 w % of C18-C26 fatty acids. 
     
     
         4 . The process according to  claim 3 , wherein the C18-C26 fatty acids comprise 30-60 wt % of C20-C26 fatty acids. 
     
     
         5 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the feedstock of biological origin comprises at least one plant oil originating from  Brassica  species. 
     
     
         6 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the feedstock of biological origin is selected from mixtures of plant oil(s), and the mixture comprises at least one plant oil originating from  Brassica  species. 
     
     
         7 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the feedstock of biological origin is selected from mixtures of plant oil(s), and the mixture comprises 10%-100% of plant oil originating from  Brassica carinata.    
     
     
         8 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein a mixture of the pretreated feedstock and crude tall oil is hydroprocessed catalytically. 
     
     
         9 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein method used in the degumming is selected from water degumming, acid degumming, dry degumming, enzymatic degumming, EDTA degumming, deep degumming, membrane degumming and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         10 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the bleaching is carried out as contact bleaching, batch atmospheric bleaching, batch vacuum bleaching or continuous vacuum bleaching. 
     
     
         11 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the bleaching is carried out in the presence of at least one bleaching agent selected from adsorptive clays, synthetic amorphous silicas and activated carbons. 
     
     
         12 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the bleaching comprises deacidification. 
     
     
         13 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the hydrolysis is carried out as the Twitchell process, medium pressure catalytic autoclave splitting, catalytic or non-catalytic low pressure splitting with superheated steam, continuous high-pressure countercurrent splitting or enzymatic fat splitting. 
     
     
         14 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the catalytic hydroprocessing is carried out with a catalyst effecting one or more of removing oxygen and other heteroatoms, effecting isomerisation, effecting dearomatization, effecting cracking, effecting hydroisomerization, effecting hydrocracking, or a combination of said catalysts. 
     
     
         15 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the catalytic hydroprocessing comprises at least a hydrodeoxygenation step. 
     
     
         16 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the catalytic hydroprocessing comprises a hydrodeoxygenation step followed by one or more steps selected from isomerization, hydrodewaxing, hydrodearomatization and hydrocracking steps. 
     
     
         17 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the fraction comprising hydrocarbons having carbon number of at least C20 and at least one non-renewable feedstock is subjected to catalytic cracking in an oil refinery. 
     
     
         18 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the catalytic cracking is fluid catalytic cracking or hydrocracking. 
     
     
         19 . The process according to  claim 16 , wherein the catalytic cracking is fluid catalytic cracking and ratio of the cracking catalyst to combined feedstock ratio is 2-50. 
     
     
         20 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the product is fractionated to fraction comprising hydrocarbons boiling in the range of 40-210° C., a heavy gas oil fraction, a light gas oil fraction, a cycle oil fraction and an olefin fraction. 
     
     
         21 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the product obtained from the catalytic cracking comprises saturated hydrocarbons boiling in the range of 40-210° C.