Electrolyte stabilizing materials, non-aqueous electrolyte, rechargeable batteries using the same, secondary battery-use electrolytic solution, secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric power tool, and electronic apparatus

Abstract

a secondary battery is provided. The secondary battery includes a cathode; an anode; and an electrolytic solution including a carbonyl compound.

1 . A non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries comprising:
 a polar aprotic solvent;   an alkali metal salt; and   at least one additive,   wherein the at least one additive is at least one compound selected from compounds represented by chemical formula I:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein Z 1 , Z 2  represent one of alkyl (—C n H 2n+1 ), cycloalkyl, alkenyl (CnEI2,), aryl (—Ar), heteroaryl; halogenated alkyl ((—C n X 2n+1 ) or (—CH 2 —C n X 2n+1 )), halogenated cycloalkyl ((—C n X 2n ) or (—CH 2 —C n X 2n )), halogenated alkenyl (C n X n ), halogenated aryl (—Ar—X), halogenated heteroaryl with halogen X being F, Cl, Br or I; alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, halogenated aryloxy; —CN-substituted-alkyl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; —NO 2 -substituted-alkyl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; halogen or nitrile (—CN); 
         wherein X 1 , X 2  represent one of hydrogen; halogen X ; halogenated alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; —CN-substituted-alkyl, -alkenyl, -heteroaryl; —NO 2 -substituted-alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl and -heteroaryl; and wherein X 1  and X 2  are not hydrogen concurrently. 
       
     
     
         2 . The non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one additive is at least one compound selected from compounds represented by chemical formula I-I: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1 , R 2  represent alkyl (—C n H 2n+1 ), cycloalkyl, alkenyl (C n H 2n ), aryl (—Ar), heteroaryl; 
         halogenated alkyl ((—C n X 2n+1 ) or (—CH 2 —C n X 2n+1 )), halogenated cycloalkyl ((—C n X 2n ) or (—CH 2 —C n X 2n )), halogenated alkenyl (C n X n ), halogenated aryl (—Ar—X) or halogenated heteroaryl with halogen X being F, Cl, Br or I; and 
         wherein R 1  and R 2  do not form a cyclic compound together; and 
         wherein X 1 , X 2  represent one of hydrogen; halogen X; halogenated alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; —CN-substituted-alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; —NO 2 -substituted-alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl and -heteroaryl; 
         wherein X 1  and X 2  are not hydrogen concurrently. 
       
     
     
         3 . The non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one additive is at least one compound selected from compounds represented by chemical formula I-II: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1 , R 2  represent one of alkyl (—C n H 2n+1 ), cycloalkyl, alkenyl (C n H 2n ), aryl (—Ar), heteroaryl; halogenated alkyl ((—C n X 2n+1 ) or (—CH 2 —C n X 2n+1 )), halogenated cycloalkyl ((—C n X 2n ) or (—CH 2 —C n X 2n )), halogenated alkenyl (C n X n ), halogenated aryl (—Ar—X), halogena.ted heteroaryl with halogen X being F, Cl, Br or I; —CN-substituted-alkyl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; —NO 2 —substituted-alkyl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; halogen (—F, —Cl, —Br, —I) and nitrile (—CN); and 
         wherein X 1 , X 2  represents one of hydrogen; halogen X; halogenated alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; —CN-substituted-alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; —NO 2 -substituted-alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl and -heteroaryl. 
       
     
     
         4 . The non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one additive is at least one compound selected from compounds represented by chemical formula 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  represents one of alkyl (—C n H 2n+1 ), cycloalkyl, alkenyl (C n H 2n ), aryl (—Ar), heteroaryl; halogenated alkyl ((—C n X 2n+1 ) or (—CH 2 —C n X 2n )) halogenated cycloalkyl ((—C n X 2n ) or (—CH 2 —C n X 2n )), halogenated alkenyl (C n X n ) halogenated aryl (—Ar—X), and halogenated heteroaryl with halogen X being F, Cl, Br or I; 
         wherein R 2  represents one of alkyl (—C n H 2n+1 ), cycloalkyl, alkenyl (C n H 2n ), aryl (—Ar), heteroaryl; halogenated alkyl ((—C n X 2n+1 ) or (—CH 2 —C n X 2n+1 )), halogenated cycloalkyl ((—C n X 2n ) or (—CH 2 —C n X 2n )), halogenated alkenyl (C n X n ), halogenated aryl (—Ar—X), halogenated heteroaryl with halogen X being F, Cl, Br or I; —CN-substituted-alkyl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; —NO 2 —substituted-alkyl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; halogen (—F, —Cl, —Br, —I) and nitrile (—CN); and 
         wherein X 1 , X 2  represent one of hydrogen; halogen X; halogenated alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; —CN-substituted-alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; —NO 2 -substituted-alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl and -heteroaryl. 
       
     
     
         5 . A non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries comprising:
 a polar aprotic solvent;   an alkali metal salt; and   at least one additive,   wherein the at least one additive is at least one compound selected from compounds represented by chemical formula I-IV:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  represents one of alkyl (—C n H 2n+1 ), cycloalkyl, alkenyl (C n H 2n ), aryl (—Ar), heteroaryl; halogenated cycloalkyl ((—C n X 2n ) or (—CH 2 —C n X 2n )), halogenated alkenyl (C n X n ), halogenated aryl (—Ar—X), halogenated heteroaryl with halogen X being F, Cl, Br or I; halogen and nitrile (—CN); 
         wherein R 2  represents one of alkyl (—C n H 2n+1 ), cycloalkyl, alkenyl (C n H 2n ), aryl (—Ar), heteroaryl; halogenated cycloalkyl ((—C n X 2n ) or (—CH 2 —C n X 2n )), halogenated alkenyl (C n X n ), halogenated aryl (—Ar—X), halogenated heteroaryl with halogen X being F, Cl, Br or I; alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, halogenated aryloxy, —CN-substituted-alkyl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; —NO 2 -substituted-alkyl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; halogen and nitrile (—CN); 
         wherein R 1 , R 2  is each not a halogenated alkyl; 
         wherein X 1 , X 2  represents one of hydrogen; halogen X; halogenated alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; —CN-substituted-alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl, -heteroaryl; —NO 2 -substituted-alkyl, -alkenyl, -aryl and -heteroaryl; 
         wherein X 1  and X 2  are not hydrogen concurrently. 
       
     
     
         6 . The non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries according to  claim 1 , wherein an amount of the at least one additive in the non-aqueous electrolyte is between 0.001 and 10 wt %. 
     
     
         7 . The non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries according  claim 1 , wherein an amount of the at least one additive in the non-aqueous electrolyte is between 0.01 and 2 wt %. 
     
     
         8 . The non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one additive in the non-aqueous electrolyte is a mixture of compounds selected from compounds represented by chemical formula I-I. 
     
     
         9 . The non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries according to  claim 1 , further comprising a second additive, wherein the second additive includes at least one of vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, and succinonitrile. 
     
     
         10 . The non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries according to  claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a liquid or polymer-gel electrolyte. 
     
     
         11 . The non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries according to  claim 1 , wherein the polar aprotic solvent includes at least one of cyclic ester carbonate(s), chain ester carbonate(s), lactone(s), and chain carboxylic ester(s). 
     
     
         12 . The non-aqueous electrolyte according to  claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal salt includes one or more Li salts. 
     
     
         13 . A secondary battery comprising:
 a cathode,   an anode, and   an non-aqueous electrolyte according to  claim 1 ,   wherein the secondary battery includes a secondary Li-ion battery.   
     
     
         14 . The secondary battery according to  claim 13 ,
 wherein the cathode includes an intercalation type cathode including one or more kinds of active cathode material configured to reversibly insert and extract Li ions,   wherein the anode includes an intercalation type anode including one or more kinds of active anode material configured to reversibly insert and extract Li ions, and   wherein the anode includes at least one of graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, graphite, Li-metal, Si, Si oxide, Si alloy, Sn, Sn oxide, LiTi 2 O 5 , and Sn   
     
     
         15 . An electric device comprising a secondary battery according to  claim 13 , wherein the electric device includes at least one of a battery pack, an electric vehicle, an electric power storage system, an electric power tool and an electronic apparatus. 
     
     
         16 . A secondary battery, comprising:
 a cathode;   an anode; and   an electrolytic solution including a cyano compound represented by chemical formula (1),   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R1 represents one of a monovalent hydrocarbon group and a monovalent halogenated. hydrocarbon group, R2 represents one of a cyano group, a monovalent chain hydrocarbon cyano group, and a monovalent halogenated chain hydrocarbon cyano group, X1 represents a halogen group, X2 represents one of a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group. 
       
     
     
         17 . The secondary battery according to  claim 16 , wherein in the R2, the monovalent chain hydrocarbon cyano group includes an alkyl group having one or more cyano groups. 
     
     
         18 . The secondary battery according to  claim 17 , wherein one cyano group is introduced into an end of the alkyl group. 
     
     
         19 . The secondary battery according to  claim 18 , wherein number of carbons in the alkyl group is 3 or more. 
     
     
         20 . The secondary battery according to  claim 16 , wherein in the R1 and the X2, the monovalent hydrocarbon group includes one of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, and
 wherein in the X1 and the X2, the halogen group includes one of a fluorine group, a chlorine group, a bromine group, and a iodine group.