Algal chloroplastic srp54 mutants

Abstract

Mutant photosynthetic microorganisms having reduced chlorophyll and increased photosynthetic efficiency are provided. The mutant strains have mutated chloroplastic SRP54 genes and exhibit increased productivity with respect to wild type strains. Also provided are mutant algal strains having mutated cytosolic SRP54 genes. Provided herein are methods of producing biomass and other products such as lipids using strains having mutations in an SRP54 gene. Also included are constructs and methods for attenuating or disrupting SRP54 genes.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A recombinant or classically-derived mutant Chlorophyte alga having a mutated or attenuated gene encoding a chloroplastic signal recognition protein 54 (cpSRP54), wherein the mutant:
 (a) exhibits a reduction in chlorophyll under low light conditions;   (b) demonstrates a higher rate of carbon fixation on a per chlorophyll basis; and   (c) demonstrates greater biomass productivity with respect to a control alga of the same species.   
     
     
         2 . An algal mutant according to  claim 1 , wherein the mutant exhibits higher photosynthetic efficiency (Y(II)) at all physiologically relevant irradiances above 250 μE m −2 ·s −1  with respect to a control alga of the same species. 
     
     
         3 . An algal mutant according to  claim 1 , wherein the mutant exhibits lower nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) at all physiologically relevant irradiances above 250 μE m −2 ·s −1  with respect to a control alga of the same species. 
     
     
         4 . An algal mutant according to  claim 1 , wherein the rate of oxygen evolution is higher than that of a control alga of the same species on a per chlorophyll basis. 
     
     
         5 . An algal mutant according to  claim 4 , wherein the rate of oxygen evolution is at least 50% higher than that of a control alga of the same species on a per chlorophyll basis. 
     
     
         6 . An algal mutant according to  claim 1 , wherein the mutant has been generated by UV irradiation, gamma irradiation, or chemical mutagenesis. 
     
     
         7 . An algal mutant according to  claim 1 , wherein the mutant is a genetically engineered mutant. 
     
     
         8 . An algal mutant according to  claim 7 , wherein the mutant has been genetically engineered by insertional mutagenesis, gene replacement, RNAi, antisense RNA, meganuclease genome engineering, one or more ribozymes, and/or a CRISPR/cas system. 
     
     
         9 . An algal mutant according to  claim 1  selected from a genera of the group consisting of:  Parachlorella, Nannochloropsis, Picochlorum, Oocystis , and  Tetraselmis.    
     
     
         10 . An algal biomass comprising an algal mutant according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         11 . A method of producing an algal product, comprising culturing an algal mutant according to  claim 1  and isolating at least one product from the culture. 
     
     
         12 . A method according to  claim 11 , wherein the product is algal biomass. 
     
     
         13 . A method according to  claim 11 , wherein the product is a lipid, a protein, a peptide, one or more amino acids, a carbohydrate, one or more nucleotides, a vitamin, a cofactor, a hormone, an antioxidant, or a pigment or colorant. 
     
     
         14 . A method according to  claim 11 , wherein the alga is cultured phototrophically. 
     
     
         15 . A method according to  claim 11  wherein the product is a lipid. 
     
     
         16 . An algal mutant having a mutated or attenuated gene encoding a cytosolic signal recognition protein 54 (cytoSRP54). 
     
     
         17 . An algal mutant according to  claim 16 , wherein a culture of the mutant demonstrates greater lipid productivity than does a culture of a control alga of the same species. 
     
     
         18 . An algal mutant according to  claim 17 , wherein the mutant demonstrates greater lipid productivity in photoautotrophic culture. 
     
     
         19 . An algal mutant according to  claim 18 , wherein the mutant demonstrates greater biomass activity under diel cycle conditions. 
     
     
         20 . An algal mutant according to  claim 16 , wherein the mutant has been generated by UV irradiation, gamma irradiation, or chemical mutagenesis. 
     
     
         21 . An algal mutant according to  claim 16 , wherein the mutant is a genetically engineered mutant. 
     
     
         22 . A method of producing lipid, comprising culturing an algal mutant according to  claim 16  and isolating at least one lipid from the culture.