Compositions for inducing an immune response

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. It is a devastating disease with a poor prognosis and an average 5-year survival rate of about 30%. Disclosed herein are composition and methods for treating leukemia with a biomaterial comprising a polymer scaffold, a dendritic cell activating factor, a dendritic cell recruitment factor, and at least one leukemia antigen. The biomaterial-based vaccine disclosed herein promotes a potent, durable and transferable immune response against acute myeloid leukemia to prevent cell engraftment and synergizes with chemotherapy to prevent relapse.

1 . A composition capable of inducing an endogenous immune response to at least one leukemia antigen, comprising
 a polymer scaffold comprising open interconnected pores,   a dendritic cell activating factor,   a dendritic cell recruitment factor, and   at least one leukemia antigen.   
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one leukemia antigen is Wilms' Tumor 1 protein (WT-1) or an antigenic fragment thereof. 
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one leukemia antigen is leukemic bone marrow lysate. 
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one leukemia antigen comprises WT-1 H-2Db peptide WT-1 126-134  (RMFPNAPYL (SEQ ID NO: 1)). 
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the dendritic cell activating factor is CpG. 
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the dendritic cell activating factor is CpG 1826. 
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the dendritic cell recruitment factor is GM-CSF. 
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein one or more of the dendritic cell activating factor, dendritic cell recruitment factor, and leukemia antigen are encapsulated by the polymer scaffold. 
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the polymer scaffold comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG) and alginate. 
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 9 , wherein the polymer scaffold comprises a molar ratio of PEG to Alginate of about 1:4. 
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the dendritic cell activating factor, the dendritic cell recruitment factor, and the at least one leukemia antigen release from the polymer scaffold over 10 days or less after administration to a subject. 
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 11 , wherein a portion of at least one of the dendritic cell activating factor, the dendritic cell recruitment factor, and the at least one leukemia antigen burst release from the polymer scaffold after administration to the subject. 
     
     
         13 . A method of manufacturing the composition of  claim 1 , comprising cryo-polymerization of MA-PEG and MA-Alginate in the presence of one or more of the dendritic cell activating factor, dendritic cell recruitment factor, and leukemia antigen. 
     
     
         14 . A method for treating a patient in need thereof, comprising administering the composition of  claim 1  to the patient. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the patient has leukemia. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the leukemia is Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the patient is at risk of developing leukemia. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the leukemia is AML. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the patient is in relapse. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the patient has undergone a procedure selected from a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, a T-cell therapy, and an adaptive immunity regimen. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 14 , further comprising administering one or more anti-cancer agents to the patient. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the one or more anti-cancer agents are administered prior to administration of the composition. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the one or more anti-cancer agents are doxorubicin hydrochloride and cytarabine. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the one or more cancer agents are administered about 1 day before administration of the composition. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the dendritic cell activating factor, the dendritic cell recruitment factor, and the at least one leukemia antigen release from the polymer scaffold over 10 days or less after administration to the patient. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein a portion of at least one of the dendritic cell activating factor, the dendritic cell recruitment factor, and the at least one leukemia antigen burst release from the polymer scaffold after administration to the patient. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the composition is administered by subcutaneous injection or implantation. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein administration of the composition induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific to leukemia in the patient. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein administration of the composition induces CD11c+ CD86+ activated dendritic cells in the patient. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein administration of the composition induces an adaptive immune response specific to leukemia in the patient. 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein administration of the composition reduces or eliminates leukemia cells in the patient. 
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein administration of the composition prevents or reduces the likelihood of a future occurrence of leukemia. 
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein administration of the composition does not cause pancytopenia or autoimmunity in the subject. 
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the composition is administered one time to the patient. 
     
     
         35 . A method for preventing and/or reducing the incidence of leukemia in a subject, comprising transplanting bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cells from a donor to the subject, wherein the donor has been administered the composition of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 35 , wherein the subject has undergone myeloablation therapy prior to transplant. 
     
     
         37 . A kit comprising the composition of  claim 1 .