High-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber and preparation method therefor

Abstract

A high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber and a preparation method therefor comprising the specific preparation method is as follows: uniformly and synergistically dispersing a one-dimensional (1D) nanowire/nanotube and a two-dimensional (2D) conductive sheet layer in a thermoplastic elastomer solution; formulating a uniform dispersion solution of a certain concentration; and using a wet spinning process to prepare an elastic composite fiber with a highly oriented 1D/2D hybrid network. The above-described composite fiber is placed in a metal precursor solution to fully swell, and then placed in reductive steam for reduction, to reduce metal precursors to zero-dimensional (0D) metal nanoparticles, thereby preparing a flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber based on a 0D/1D/2D three-dimensional collaborative network.

1 . A preparation method for a high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber, comprising the following steps:
 1) preparing a synergistic dispersion solution of a one-dimensional nanowire/nanotube and a two-dimensional nanosheet filler firstly, and then dissolving a thermoplastic elastomer in the synergistic dispersion solution to obtain a polymer solution with stably dispersed fillers;   2) spinning the polymer solution obtained in the step 1) by solution spinning to obtain a composite fiber;   3) placing the composite fiber obtained in the step 2) into a metal precursor solution to fully swell, metal ions being diffused among molecular chains during swelling, and after the composite fiber is completely swelled, fully reducing the composite fiber with reductive steam to reduce the metal ions into metal nanoparticles; and   4) washing redundant metal nanoparticles attached to a surface of the fiber with water to obtain the high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber.   
     
     
         2 . The preparation method for the high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber according to  claim 1 , wherein the one-dimensional nanowire/nanotube in the step 1) is one of a silver nanowire, a gold nanowire, a copper nanowire, a copper-silver core-shell nanowire, a single-walled carbon nanotube, a less-walled carbon nanotube and a multi-walled carbon nanotube; and the two-dimensional nanosheet is one of single-layer graphene, few-layer graphene, a gold nanosheet and a silver nanosheet. 
     
     
         3 . The preparation method for the high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber according to  claim 1 , wherein a mass ratio of the one-dimensional nanowire/nanotube to the two-dimensional nanosheet in the step 1) is 10:1 to 1:10; and a total mass of the one-dimensional nanowire/nanotube and the two-dimensional nanosheet filler accounts for 0.1% to 5% of a mass of the thermoplastic elastomer. 
     
     
         4 . The preparation method for the high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber according to  claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic elastomer in the step 1) is selected from one of thermoplastic polyurethane, a thermoplastic poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) triblock copolymer, a poly(styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene) triblock copolymer; and a mass of the thermoplastic elastomer accounts for 5% to 30% of a total mass of the polymer solution. 
     
     
         5 . The preparation method for the high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber according to  claim 1 , wherein a diameter of a cross-section of the composite fiber in the step 2) is 50 μm to 300 μm. 
     
     
         6 . The preparation method for the high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber according to  claim 1 , wherein metal in the metal precursor solution in the step 3) is selected from one of copper, silver and gold; and a concentration of the metal precursor solution is 5 wt % to 30 wt %. 
     
     
         7 . The preparation method for the high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber according to  claim 1 , wherein time of the swelling in the step 3) lasts for more than 2 hours. 
     
     
         8 . The preparation method for the high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber according to  claim 1 , wherein the reductive steam in the step 3) is hydrazine hydrate steam or hydroiodic acid steam; and a concentration of the reductive steam is 1 g/m 3  to 10 g/m 3 . 
     
     
         9 . The preparation method for the high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber according to  claim 1 , wherein the reductive steam in the step 3) has a temperature of 70° C. to 100° C., and lasts for 5 minutes to 1 hour. 
     
     
         10 . A high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber prepared by the method according to  claim 1 , wherein the flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber has a tensile strength of more than 500%, and a sensitivity of more than 20. 
     
     
         11 . A high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber prepared by the method according to  claim 2 , wherein the flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber has a tensile strength of more than 500%, and a sensitivity of more than 20. 
     
     
         12 . A high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber prepared by the method according to  claim 3 , wherein the flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber has a tensile strength of more than 500%, and a sensitivity of more than 20. 
     
     
         13 . A high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber prepared by the method according to  claim 4 , wherein the flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber has a tensile strength of more than 500%, and a sensitivity of more than 20. 
     
     
         14 . A high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber prepared by the method according to  claim 5 , wherein the flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber has a tensile strength of more than 500%, and a sensitivity of more than 20. 
     
     
         15 . A high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber prepared by the method according to  claim 6 , wherein the flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber has a tensile strength of more than 500%, and a sensitivity of more than 20. 
     
     
         16 . A high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber prepared by the method according to  claim 7 , wherein the flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber has a tensile strength of more than 500%, and a sensitivity of more than 20. 
     
     
         17 . A high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber prepared by the method according to  claim 8 , wherein the flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber has a tensile strength of more than 500%, and a sensitivity of more than 20. 
     
     
         18 . A high-stretchable high-sensitive flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber prepared by the method according to  claim 9 , wherein the flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber has a tensile strength of more than 500%, and a sensitivity of more than 20.