New composites for extraction of metal or contaminating chemical species

Abstract

Disclosed is a composite for extracting one or more metal or contaminating chemical species from an aerial or aqueous medium by selective binding, the composite including at least one porous template functionalized by at least one polymer, the polymer including one of the folowing chemical functions: primary, secondary or tertiary amine, amide, nitrile, pyridine, pyrole, thiol, thiolether, thiophene, thiadiazole, alcohol/hydroxyl, phenol, catechol, pyragalol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ester, acyl, crown ether, phosphate, phosphoryl, epoxide, halogen, haloalkane.

1 . A composite for extracting one or more metal or contaminating chemical species from an aerial or aqueous medium by selective binding, said composite comprising at least one porous template functionalized by at least one polymer, said polymer comprising one of the following chemical functions: primary, secondary or tertiary amine, amide, nitrile, pyridine, pyrrole, thiol, thiolether, thiophene, thiadiazole, alcohol/hydroxyl, phenol, catechol, pyragallol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ester, acyl, crown ether, phosphate, phosphoryl, epoxide, halogen, haloalkane. 
     
     
         2 . A composite according to  claim 1 , wherein said at least one polymer is chosen among redox active polymers, peptides, biopolymer including polypeptides and polysaccharides, epoxy based polymer, fluoropolymer, acrylics, dedrimers, rubbers, inorganic polymers and organic polymers. 
     
     
         3 . A composite according to  claim 2 , wherein said at least one polymer is chosen among redox active polymers. 
     
     
         4 . A composite according to  claim 3 , wherein said redox active polymer is chosen among Poly(Tetracyanoquinodimethane) (PTCNQ), Poly(Viologens) Poly(Tetrathiafulvalene) (PTTF), Quinone Polymers, Polyhydroquinone (PHQ), Polydopamine (PDA), Polytyramine (PTA), Poly-para-phenylediamine (PpPDA), Poly(Vinylferrocene) (PVF or PVFc) (Organometallic Redox Polymer), Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acids (Nafion®), Poly(Styrene Sulfonate) (PSS), Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP, QPVP), Polyaniline (PANI) and PANI Derivatives, Poly(1-aminoanthracene), Poly(o-toluidine), Poly(1,8-diaminonaphthalene) (PDAN), Poly(aniline-co-N-propanesulfonic acid-aniline), Poly(Diphenylamine) (PDPA), Poly(2-Aminodiphenylamine) (P2ADPA), Poly(o-Phenylenediam ine) (PPDA), Poly(o-Aminophenol) (POAP), Polyluminol (PL), Polypyrrole (PP) and PP Derivatives, Polyindole and Derivatives, Polymelatonin (PM), Polyindoline, Polycarbazoles (PCz), Polythiophene (PT) and PT Derivatives, Polyazines, Poly(1-Hydroxyphenazine) (PPhOH), Poly(Acridine Red) (PAR), Poly(Phenosafranin) (PPhS), Polyflavin (PFI), Poly(New Fuchsin) (PnF), Polyfluorene (PF), Poly(9-Fluorenone) (PFO), Poly (9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene), Poly(p-Phenylene) (PPP), Poly(Phenylenevinylene) (PPPV), Polytriphenylamine (PTPA), Poly(4-Vinyl-Triphenylamine) (PVTPA), Polyrhodanine (PRh), Poly (Eriochrome Black T), Poly(5-Amino-1,4-Naphthoquinone) (PANQ), Poly(5-Amino-1-Naphthol), Poly(4-Ferrocenylmethylidene-4H-Cyclopenta-[2,1-b;3,4-b 0 ]-Dithiophene), Fullerene-Functionalized Poly(Terthiophenes) (PTTh-BB), Poly[Iron(4-(2-Pyrrol-1-Ylethyl)-4 0 -Methyl-2,2 0 -Bipyridine) 3   2+ ], Polypyrrole Functionalized by Ru(bpy)(CO) 2 , Poly(Tetra-Substituted Porphyrins), Poly(Tetra-Substituted Phtalocyanines),)Poly[4,4 0 (5 0 -Bis(3,4-Ethylenedioxy)Thien-2-Yl] Tetrathiafulvalene (PEDOT-TTF), Poly {3-[7-Oxa-8-(4-Tetrathiafulvalenyl) Octyl]-2,2 0 -Bithiophene} (PT-TTF), Poly(Aniline-co-Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone), Poly(Aniline-co-2/3-Amino or 2,5-Diamino Benzenesulfonic Acid), Poly(Aniline-co-o-Aminophenol), Poly(m-Toluidine-co-o-Phenylenediamine), Poly (Luminol-Aniline), polymer of 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzenediacetic acid (PDHAA), poly-para-phenylenediamine (PpPDA) and polyhydroquinone (PHQ), preferably among polydopamine (PDA), poly-para-phenylenediamine (PpPDA), polyhydroquinone (PHQ), polymer of 1,4-benzenedithiol (PBDT), polytyramine (PTA) or polymer of 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzenediacetic acid (PDHAA). 
     
     
         5 . A composite according to  claim 1 , wherein said at least one porous template includes at least a metal. 
     
     
         6 . A composite according to  claim 5 , wherein said at least one porous template is chosen among a metal-organic framework, a zeolite, carbons, a silica, an aerogel, a covalent organic framework, a porous polymer networks, a porous molecular solid, an hydrogel, a porous boron nitride, a porous graphene and a porous graphene oxide. 
     
     
         7 . A composite according to  claim 6 , wherein said at least one porous template is chosen among a metal-organic framework, a zeolite, carbons, a silica, an aerogel, a covalent organic framework, a porous polymer networks, a porous molecular solid and an hydrogel. 
     
     
         8 . A composite according to  claim 7 , wherein said at least one porous template is a metal organic framework. 
     
     
         9 . A composite according to  claim 8 , wherein said metal organic framework comprises Fe-BTC, Cu-BTC, Cu-TDPAT or Al-BDC-NH 2 , preferably Fe-BTC or Cu-BTC. 
     
     
         10 . A composite according to  claim 1 , wherein said one or more metal or contaminating chemical species is chosen among: palladium, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, gold, silver, rhodium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, arsenic, barium, fluoride, nitrates, nitrites, radium, selenium, sodium, radioactive (U, Th, Ra, Cs), lithium, magnesium, indium, gallium, germanium, tellurium, bismuth, rhenium, niobium, molybdenum, osmium, lanthanides, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, ozone, chlorine gas, ammonia, hormones, dyes, volatile organic compounds, perchlorate and hydrocarbons (oil). 
     
     
         11 . A composite according to  claim 10 , wherein said one or more metal or contaminating chemical specie is chosen among palladium, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, gold, silver, rhodium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, arsenic, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper, preferably among precious metals such as palladium, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, gold, silver and rhodium.