Extruded Titania-Based Materials Comprising One or More Acids or Prepared Using One or More Acids

Abstract

Porous, extruded titania-based materials further comprising one or more acids and/or prepared using one or more acids, Fischer-tropsch catalysts comprising them, uses of the foregoing, processes for making and using the same and products obtained from such processes.

1 . A porous, extruded titania-based material further comprising one or more acids. 
     
     
         2 . A porous, extruded titania-based material according to  claim 1 , in the form of symmetrical cylinders, dilobes, trilobes, quadralobes or hollow cylinders. 
     
     
         3 . A porous, extruded titania-based material according to  claim 1 , having a crush strength of greater than 3.0 lbf. 
     
     
         4 . A porous, extruded titania-based material according to  claim 1 , wherein the one or more acids comprises propionic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, valeric acid, carbonic acid, formic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         5 . A porous, extruded titania-based material according to  claim 1 , comprising mesopores and macropores. 
     
     
         6 . A porous, extruded titania-based material according to  claim 5 , wherein the mesopores have a pore diameter of 2 to 50 nm. 
     
     
         7 . A porous, extruded titania-based material according to  claim 5 , wherein the macropores have a pore diameter of greater than 50 nm. 
     
     
         8 . A porous, extruded titania-based material according to  claim 5 , wherein the total pore volume is at least 0.30 ml/g. 
     
     
         9 . A porous, extruded titania-based material according to  claim 5 , wherein the surface area is at least 30 m 2 /g. 
     
     
         10 . A process for the preparation of a porous, extruded titania-based material having a crush strength greater than 3.0 lbf, said process comprising:
 a) mixing titanium dioxide and one or more acids, and optionally a liquid extrusion medium, to form a homogenous paste;   b) extruding the paste to form an extrudate; and   c) drying and/or calcining the extrudate.   
     
     
         11 . A process according to  claim 10  wherein the one or more acids comprises propionic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, valeric acid, carbonic acid, formic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         12 . A porous, extruded titania-based material obtainable by the process of  claim 10 . 
     
     
         13 . A process for the preparation of a porous, extruded titania-based material comprising mesopores and macropores and having a crush strength greater than 3.0 lbf, said process comprising:
 a) mixing titanium dioxide and one or more porogens to form a homogenous mixture;   b) adding of one or more acids, and optionally a liquid extrusion medium, to the homogenous mixture, and mixing to form a homogenous paste;   c) extruding the paste to form an extrudate; and   d) drying and/or calcining the extrudate at a temperature sufficient to decompose the one or more porogens.   
     
     
         14 . A process according to  claim 13 , wherein the one or more acids comprises propionic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, valeric acid, carbonic acid, formic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         15 . A process according to  claim 13 , wherein the one or more porogen comprises cellulose or a derivative thereof, such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and ethyl methyl cellulose; alginic acid or a derivative thereof, such as ammonium alginate, sodium alginate and calcium alginate; latex or polyvinyl chloride. 
     
     
         16 . A process according to  claim 13 , wherein the weight ratio of titanium dioxide to porogen is from 1:0.1 to 1:1.0. 
     
     
         17 . A porous, extruded titania-based material obtainable by a process according to  claim 13 . 
     
     
         18 - 32 . (canceled) 
     
     
         33 . A porous, extruded titania-based material according to  claim 5 , wherein the mesopores have a pore diameter of 25 to 40 nm. 
     
     
       34. A porous, extruded titania-based material according to  claim 5 , wherein the macropores have a pore diameter of 100 to 850 nm. 
     
     
         35 . A porous, extruded titania-based material according to  claim 5 , wherein the total pore volume is at least 0.30 ml/g, and the surface area is at least 30 m 2 /g.