Synthesis of hydrochar from jackfruit

Abstract

A method of producing hydrochar from jackfruit peel biomass includes hydrothermal carbonization of jackfruit peel biomass by autoclaving at 150° C.-250° C. for about 3 hours to produce a hydrochar. The hydrochar can be activated by treatment with phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), or a combination thereof. The hydrochar produced according to the method is particularly effective at removing azo-dyes, and specifically methylene blue, from aqueous solutions such as industrial waste water.

1 - 17 . (canceled) 
     
     
         18 . A hydrochar of jackfruit peel, wherein the hydrochar of jackfruit peel is produced by steps comprising:
 adding a jackfruit peel biomass to a liquid carrier;   subjecting the jackfruit peel biomass in the liquid carrier to hydrothermal carbonization to provide a hydrochar, the hydrothermal carbonization comprising heating the jackfruit peel biomass in the liquid carrier to a temperature ranging from 150° C. to 250° C. for a period of time of 3 hours to provide the hydrochar; and   separating the hydrochar from the liquid carrier.   
     
     
         19 . A hydrochar of jackfruit peel, wherein the hydrochar of jackfruit peel is produced by steps comprising:
 drying jackfruit peel and pulverizing the dried jackfruit peel to provide a jackfruit peel biomass;   adding the jackfruit peel biomass to water to form a slurry;   heating the slurry to a temperature ranging from 150° C.-250° C. for 3 hours in an autoclave to provide a hydrochar;   separating an initial hydrochar from the liquid carrier;   drying the initial hydrochar; and   adding the dried hydrochar to a solution comprising at least one of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) to form an activated hydrochar.