Fabrication fluids

Abstract

A fabrication fluid composition, such as a metal cutting fluid concentrate, contains water, a first surfactant which is an anionic surfactant, a second surfactant which is an amphoteric surfactant, a third surfactant which is selected from an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, the third surfactant being different from the first and second surfactants, and water, along with at least one of an anti-rust agent, a coloring agent, and a de-foaming agent. The concentrate may be combined with water to provide a fabrication fluid such as a metal cutting fluid composition that may be applied to a piece of metal being cut for a time and in an amount effective to dissipate heat from the metal being cut.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A fabrication fluid composition comprising water, a first surfactant, a thickening agent, and an anti-rust agent. 
     
     
         2 . A fabrication fluid composition comprising water, a first surfactant, an inorganic salt, and an anti-rust agent. 
     
     
         3 . A composition of  claim 1  or  2  wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant. 
     
     
         4 . A composition of  claim 3  wherein the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant comprising a sulfonate group or comprising a sulfate group. 
     
     
         5 . A composition  claim 3  wherein the first surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. 
     
     
         6 . A composition of  claim 3  wherein the first surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate. 
     
     
         7 . A composition of  claim 1  or  2  wherein the first surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant. 
     
     
         8 . A composition of  claim 7  wherein the amphoteric surfactant comprises a betaine group. 
     
     
         9 . A composition  claim 7  wherein the first surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine. 
     
     
         10 . A composition of  claim 1  or  2  comprising two surfactants, each of the two surfactants being an anionic surfactant. 
     
     
         11 . A composition of  claim 10  wherein the two surfactants are a sulfate-containing surfactant and a sulfonate-containing surfactant. 
     
     
         12 . A composition of  claim 10  wherein the two surfactants are sodium laureth sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. 
     
     
         13 . A composition of  claim 1  or  2  comprising two surfactants, one being an anionic surfactant and the other being an amphoteric surfactant. 
     
     
         14 . A composition of  claim 13  wherein the two surfactants are a sulfate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant. 
     
     
         15 . A composition of  claim 14  wherein the sulfate-containing anionic surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine. 
     
     
         16 . A composition of  claim 13  wherein the two surfactants are a sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant and a betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant. 
     
     
         17 . A composition of  claim 16  wherein the sulfonate-containing anionic surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and the betaine-containing amphoteric surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine. 
     
     
         18 . A composition of  claim 1  or  2  comprising three surfactants, two of the three surfactants being non-identical anionic surfactants and one of the three surfactants being an amphoteric surfactant. 
     
     
         19 . A composition of  claim 18  wherein the three surfactants are a sulfate-containing surfactant, a sulfonate-containing surfactant, and a betaine-containing surfactant. 
     
     
         20 . A composition of  claim 19  wherein the three surfactants are sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, and cocamidopropyl betaine. 
     
     
         21 . A composition of  claim 1  or  2  wherein the anti-rust agent is sodium nitrite. 
     
     
         22 . A composition of  claim 20  wherein the anti-rust agent is sodium nitrite. 
     
     
         23 . A composition of  claim 1  or  2  comprising a thickening agent which is a cellulosic thickening agent. 
     
     
         24 . A composition of  claim 23  wherein the cellulosic thickening agent is hydroxyl ethyl cellulose. 
     
     
         25 . A composition of  claim 20  comprising a thickening agent which is a cellulosic thickening agent. 
     
     
         26 . A composition of  claim 25  wherein the cellulosic thickening agent is hydroxyl ethyl cellulose. 
     
     
         27 . A composition of  claim 1  or  2  comprising an inorganic salt which is calcium chloride. 
     
     
         28 . A composition of  claim 20  comprising an inorganic salt. 
     
     
         29 . A composition of  claim 28  wherein the inorganic salt is calcium chloride 
     
     
         30 . A composition of  claim 1  or  2  comprising a defoaming agent. 
     
     
         31 . A composition of  claim 30  wherein the defoaming agent is a silicone polymer. 
     
     
         32 . A composition of  claim 20  comprising a defoaming agent. 
     
     
         33 . A composition of  claim 32  wherein the defoaming agent is a silicone polymer. 
     
     
         34 . A composition of  claim 20  comprising one or more of a cellulosic thickening agent, an inorganic salt, and a defoaming agent. 
     
     
         35 . A composition of  claim 20  comprising a cellulosic thickening agent, an inorganic salt, and a defoaming agent. 
     
     
         36 . A composition of  claim 1  comprising water, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, a thickening agent such as a cellulosic thickening agent, and an anti-rust agent. 
     
     
         37 . A composition of  claim 2  comprising water, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, an inorganic salt such as calcium chloride, and an anti-rust agent. 
     
     
         38 . A method of machining a material selected from metal, stone, glass and plastic, comprising applying a composition comprising a composition of any of  claim 1 - 37  to a piece of material being machined, in an amount and time that are effective to dissipate heat from the material being machined. 
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 38  wherein the material being machined is a metal selected from aluminum alloy, brass, casting iron, bronze, low-carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, and titanium alloy. 
     
     
         40 . The method of  claim 38  wherein the material being machined is stone. 
     
     
         41 . The material of  claim 38  wherein the material being machined is plastic. 
     
     
         42 . The material of  claim 38  wherein the material is glass. 
     
     
         43 . The method of  claim 38  wherein the piece of material being machined is being subjected to a process selected from broaching, tapping, hobbing, cutting, drilling, milling, turning, sawing, honing, and grinding.