Combination of additives for fuel

Abstract

The invention relates to a composition of additives for fuel, comprising: (a) one or more copolymer(s) comprising the following units of formulae (I) and units of formula (IIa): R representing a hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with at least one amino group comprising at least one quaternary ammonium or iminium function, and (b) one or more copolymer(s) comprising units of formulae (I) and units of formula (IIb): R representing a hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with at least one amino group comprising at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amine function or imine function. The invention also relates to the use of such a composition as a detergent additive and/or demulsifying additive in a liquid fuel for an internal combustion engine.

1 . A fuel additive composition comprising:
 (a) one or more copolymers comprising:
 at least one unit of formula (I) below: 
   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         in which 
         u=0 or 1, 
         R 1 ′ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
         E represents —O— or —N(Z)—, or —O—CO—, or —CO—O— or —NH—CO— or —CO—NH—, with Z representing H or a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group, 
         G represents a group chosen from a C 1  to C 34  alkyl group, an aromatic nucleus, an aralkyl group comprising at least one aromatic nucleus and at least one C 1  to C 34  alkyl group, and
 at least one unit of formula (IIa) below: 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         in which 
         R 1 ″ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and a methyl group, 
         Q is chosen from an oxygen atom and a group —NR′— with R′ being chosen from a hydrogen atom and C 1  to C 12  hydrocarbon-based chains, 
         R represents a C 1  to C 34  hydrocarbon-based chain which may also contain one or more nitrogen and/or oxygen atoms and/or carbonyl groups, substituted with at least one amine group comprising at least one quaternary ammonium or iminium function, and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups; and 
         (b) one or more copolymers, other than the copolymer(s) (a), comprising
 at least one unit of formula (I) as defined in (a) above, and 
 at least one unit of formula (IIb): 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         in which R 1 ″ and Q are as defined in (a) above, 
         R represents a C 1  to C 34  hydrocarbon-based chain which may also contain one or more nitrogen and/or oxygen atoms and/or carbonyl groups, substituted with at least one amine group comprising at least one primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine or imine function, and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups. 
       
     
     
         2 . The fuel additive composition according to  claim 1 , in which the group R of formula (IIa) is represented by one of the formulae (III) and (IV) below: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         in which 
         X −  is chosen from hydroxide and halide ions and organic anions, preferably organic anions, 
         R 2  is chosen from C 1  to C 34  hydrocarbon-based chains, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that the group R 2  is connected to Q in formula (IIa), 
         R 3 , R 4  and R 5  are identical or different and chosen independently from C 1  to C 18  hydrocarbon-based chains, it being understood that the alkyl groups R 3 , R 4  and R 5  may contain one or more groups chosen from: a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a carbonyl group and that the groups R 3 , R 4  and R 5  may be connected together in pairs to form one or more rings, 
         R 6  and R 7  are identical or different and chosen independently from C 1  to C 18  hydrocarbon-based chains, it being understood that the groups R 6  and R 7  may contain one or more groups chosen from: a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a carbonyl group and that the groups R 6  and R 7  may be connected together to form a ring. 
       
     
     
         3 . The fuel additive composition according to  claim 2 , in which the group R of formula (IIa) is represented by formula (III) in which:
 X −  is chosen from organic anions, preferably conjugate bases of carboxylic acids,   R 2  is chosen from C 1  to C 34  hydrocarbon-based chains, preferably C 1  to C 18  alkyl groups,   R 3 , R 4  and R 5  are identical or different and chosen independently from C 1  to C 18  hydrocarbon-based chains, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that at least one of the groups R 3 , R 4  and R 5  contains one or more hydroxyl groups.   
     
     
         4 . The fuel additive composition according to  claim 1 , in which the group R of formula (IIb) comprises a hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with at least one group chosen from:
 groups containing at least one amine, imine, amidine, guanidine, aminoguanidine or biguanidine function, preferably alkyl-amines, polyalkylene polyamines, polyalkyleneimines, alkyl-imines, alkyl-amidines, alkyl-guanidines and alkyl-biguanidines, the alkyl substituent possibly being linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, and preferably containing from 1 to 34 carbon atoms, more preferentially from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and   monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic groups, containing from 3 to 34 atoms, preferably from 5 to 12 atoms, more preferentially from 6 to 10 atoms, and comprising at least one nitrogen atom, it being understood that the polycyclic heterocyclic groups optionally contain fused rings.   
     
     
         5 . The fuel additive composition according to  claim 4 ,
 in which the group R of formula (IIb) is represented by formula (V) below:
   L-R′ 2 —  (V)
 
   in which:   R 2 ′ is chosen from C 1  to C 34  hydrocarbon-based chains, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that the group R 2 ′ is connected to Q in formula (IIb), and   L is chosen from the group consisting of:   the following groups:   amine: —NH 2 ; —NHR a ; —NR a R b ;   imine: —HC═NH; —HC═NR a ; —N═CH 2 ; N═CR a H; —N═CR a R b ;   amidine: —(C═NH)—NH 2 ; —(C═NH)—NR a H; —(C═NH)—NR a R b ;   (C═NR a )—NH 2 ; —(C═NR a )—NR b H; —(C═NR a )—NR b R c ; —N═CH(NH 2 );   N═CR a  (NH 2 ); —N═CH(NR a H); —N═CR a (NR a H); —N═CH(NR a R b );   N═CR a  (NR b R c );   guanidine: —NH—(C═NH)—NH 2 ; —NH—(C═NH)—NHR a ;   N═C(NH 2 ) 2 ; —N═C(NR a H) 2 ; —N═C(NR a R b ) 2 ; —N═C(NR a H)(NR b H);   aminoguanidine: —NH—(C═NH)—NH—NH 2 ;   NH—(C═NH)—NH—NHR a ; —N═C(NH 2 )(NH—NH 2 );   N═C(NR a H)(NH—NH 2 ); —N═C(NR a H)(NR a —NH 2 );   N═C(NR a R b )(NH—NH 2 ); —N═C(NR a R b ) (NR a —NH 2 ;   biguanidine: —NH—(C═NH)—NH—(C═NH)—NH 2 ;   NH—(C═NH)—NH—(C═NH)—NHR a ; —N═C(NH 2 )—NH—(C═NH)—NH 2 ;   N═C(NH 2 )—NH—(C═NR a )—NH 2 ; —N═C(NH 2 )—NH—(C═NH)—NR a H;   N═C(NH 2 )—NH—(C═NR a )—NR b H; —N═C(NH 2 )—NH—(C═NH)—NR a R b ;   N═C(NH 2 )—NH—(C═NR a )—NR b R c ; —N═C(NR a H)—NH—(C═NH)—NH 2 ;   N═C(NR a H)—NH—(C═NR b )—NH 2 ; —N═C(NR a H)—NH—(C═NH)—NR b H;   N═C(NR a H)—NH—(C═NR b )—NR c H; —N═C(NR a H)—NH—(C═NH)—NR b R c ;   N═C(NR a H)—NH—(C═NR b )—NR c R d ; —N═C(NR a R b )—NH—(C═NH)—NH 2 ;   N═C(NR a R b )—NH—(C═NR c )—NH 2 ; —N═C(NR a R b )—NH—(C═NH)—NR c H;   N═C(NR a R b )—NH—(C═NR c )—NR d H; —N═C(NR a R b )—NH—(C═NH)—NR c R d ; —N═C(NR a R b )—NH—(C═NR c )—NR d R e ; and   polyamines and polyalkylene-polyamine groups, notably those of formulae —NH—(R f —NH) k —H; —NH—(R f —NH) k — R a ;   with R a , R b , R c , R d  and R e  representing, independently of each other, a C 1 -C 34  and preferably C 1 -C 12  alkyl group, optionally comprising one or more NH 2  functions and one or more —NH— bridges;   R f  represents a C 1 -C 6  and preferably C 2 -C 4  alkyl group and k represents an integer ranging from 1 to 20 and preferably from 2 to 12.   
     
     
         6 .- 10 . (canceled) 
     
     
         11 . The fuel additive composition according to  claim 1 , in which, in formula (I), the group E is chosen from: —CO—O— and —CO—NH—; preferably, the group E is a —CO—O— group, it being understood that the group E is connected to the vinyl carbon via the carbon atom. 
     
     
         12 . The fuel additive composition according to  claim 1 , in which the copolymer (a) is chosen from block copolymers and random copolymers, and preferably the copolymer (a) is a block copolymer. 
     
     
         13 . (canceled) 
     
     
         14 . The fuel additive composition according to  claim 1 , in which the copolymer (a) is a block copolymer in which:
 block A consists of a chain of structural units derived from a C 1 -C 34  alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, and   block B consists of a chain of structural units derived from an alkyl (meth)acrylate or alkyl(meth)acrylamide monomer, the alkyl radical of which consists of a C 1  to C 34  hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with at least one amine group chosen from quaternary ammoniums and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups.   
     
     
         15 . The fuel additive composition according to  claim 1 , in which the copolymer (b) is chosen from block copolymers and random copolymers, and preferably the copolymer (b) is a block copolymer. 
     
     
         16 . (canceled) 
     
     
         17 . The fuel additive composition according to  claim 1 , in which the copolymer (b) is a block copolymer in which:
 block A consists of a chain of structural units derived from a C 1 -C 34  alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, and   block B consists of a chain of structural units derived from an alkyl (meth)acrylate or alkyl(meth)acrylamide monomer, the alkyl radical of which consists of a C 1  to C 34  hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with at least one amine group chosen from primary, secondary or tertiary amines and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups.   
     
     
         18 . The fuel additive composition according to  claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises:
 a copolymer (a) comprising blocks A and B, the amine group of the block(s) B being chosen from quaternary ammonium groups; and   a copolymer (b) comprising blocks A and B, the amine group of the block(s) B being chosen from primary, secondary or tertiary amine groups and preferably tertiary amine groups.   
     
     
         19 . The fuel additive composition according to  claim 1 , in which the mass ratio between the copolymer(s) (a) and the copolymer(s) (b) is from 5:95 to 95:5, preferably from 10:90 to 90:10. 
     
     
         20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . A fuel composition comprising:
 (1) a fuel derived from one or more sources chosen from the group consisting of mineral, animal, plant and synthetic sources, and   (2) a fuel additive composition according to  claim 1 .   
     
     
         22 . The fuel composition according to  claim 21 , characterized in that it comprises at least 5 ppm by weight of copolymer(s) (a), preferably from 10 to 5000 ppm, more preferentially from 20 to 2000 ppm, in particular from 50 to 500 ppm of copolymer(s) (a), relative to the total mass of the fuel composition. 
     
     
         23 . The fuel composition according to  claim 21 , characterized in that it comprises at least 5 ppm by weight of copolymer(s) (b), preferably from 5 to 1000 ppm, more preferentially from 5 to 500 ppm, more preferentially from 10 to 200 ppm, even more preferentially from 20 to 100 ppm of copolymer(s) (b), relative to the total mass of the fuel composition. 
     
     
         24 . (canceled) 
     
     
         25 . The fuel composition according to  claim 21 , in which the fuel (1) is chosen from hydrocarbon-based fuels, fuels that are not essentially hydrocarbon-based, and mixtures thereof, in which the hydrocarbon-based fuel is chosen from gasolines and gas oils. 
     
     
         26 . Use of a fuel additive composition according to  claim 1 , as detergent additive in a liquid fuel for internal combustion engines, said fuel additive composition being used alone or in the form of a concentrate, said concentrate comprising (1) a fuel derived from one or more sources chosen from the group consisting of mineral, animal, plant and synthetic sources and (2) the fuel additive composition. 
     
     
         27 . (canceled) 
     
     
         28 . (canceled) 
     
     
         29 . The use according to  claim 26 , in which the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine, preferably a direct-injection diesel engine. 
     
     
         30 . The use according to  claim 29 , for preventing and/or reducing the formation of deposits in the injection system of a diesel engine. 
     
     
         31 . Use of a fuel additive composition according to  claim 1 , as demulsifying additive in a liquid fuel for internal combustion engines, said fuel additive composition being used alone or in the form of a concentrate, the concentrate comprising the fuel additive composition mixed with an organic liquid, said organic liquid being inert with respect to the copolymer(s) (a) and the copolymer(s) (b) and miscible with said fuel. 
     
     
         32 . (canceled) 
     
     
         33 . (canceled)