Mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus

Abstract

Disclosed is a mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus including a main storage module configured to receive liquid hydrogen from a tank lorry and to generate first gaseous hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen, a liquid pumping and transportation module configured to receive the liquid hydrogen from the main storage module, to generate second gaseous hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen while pumping the liquid hydrogen, and to deliver the second gaseous hydrogen to the main storage module, and a gas compression and storage module configured to receive at least one of the first gaseous hydrogen or the second gaseous hydrogen from the main storage module, to compress the at least one gaseous hydrogen, and to store the compressed gaseous hydrogen.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus comprising:
 a main storage module configured to receive liquid hydrogen from a hydrogen liquefaction plant, a liquid hydrogen storage and distribution tank, or a tank lorry and to generate first gaseous hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen;   a liquid pumping and transportation module configured to receive the liquid hydrogen from the main storage module, to generate second gaseous hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen while pumping the liquid hydrogen, and to deliver the second gaseous hydrogen to the main storage module;   a gas compression and storage module configured to receive at least one of the first gaseous hydrogen or the second gaseous hydrogen from the main storage module, to compress the at least one gaseous hydrogen, and to store the compressed gaseous hydrogen; and   a gas conversion and transportation module configured to receive the pumped liquid hydrogen and the compressed gaseous hydrogen from the liquid pumping and transportation module and the gas compression and storage module, respectively, to perform heat exchange between the pumped liquid hydrogen and the compressed gaseous hydrogen to generate gaseous hydrogen filling gas from the pumped liquid hydrogen and the compressed gaseous hydrogen, and to deliver the gaseous hydrogen filling gas to a gaseous hydrogen storage and filling tank of a hydrogen gas filling station, wherein   the main storage module pressurizes the liquid hydrogen based on pressure of the at least one gaseous hydrogen, and directly supplies the pressurized liquid hydrogen to a fuel tank of a hydrogen fuel consumption structure or to a liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank of the hydrogen gas filling station, even before or after being connected to the hydrogen gas filling station via the gas conversion and transportation module.   
     
     
         2 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein
 the main storage module comprises a main storage tank surrounded by a protective wall, a first pipe line, a second pipe line, and a third pipe line,   the main storage tank individually communicates with the first pipe line, the second pipe line, and the third pipe line,   each of the first pipe line and the third pipe line is formed of a double insulative vacuum pipe in order to prevent heat exchange between the liquid hydrogen and an atmosphere,   the second pipe line is formed of a single pipe in order to allow heat exchange between the liquid hydrogen and the atmosphere, and   the liquid hydrogen has an absolute temperature of 20K (=−253° C.) and a pressure of 5 bar.   
     
     
         3 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 2 , wherein the first pipe line is fixed to the main storage tank, receives the liquid hydrogen from the hydrogen liquefaction plant, the liquid hydrogen storage and distribution tank, or the tank lorry, and injects the liquid hydrogen into the main storage tank. 
     
     
         4 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 2 , wherein
 the second pipe line is fixed to an upper part and a lower part of the main storage tank, surrounds the main storage tank at one side of the main storage tank, and has a zigzag pressure build-up unit under the main storage tank, and   the second pipe line phase-changes the liquid hydrogen into the first gaseous hydrogen through heat exchange between the liquid hydrogen and the atmosphere performed by the pressure build-up unit during flow of the liquid hydrogen from the lower part of the main storage tank, and delivers the first gaseous hydrogen to the upper part of the main storage tank.   
     
     
         5 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 2 , wherein
 the third pipe line is fixed to the main storage tank, and injects the liquid hydrogen into the fuel tank of the hydrogen fuel consumption structure or into the liquid hydrogen storage and filling tank of the hydrogen gas filling station during pressurization of the at least one gaseous hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen in the main storage tank, and   the hydrogen fuel consumption structure comprises a hydrogen fuel flight means, a hydrogen fuel land and sea movement means, or a hydrogen fuel industrial power generation house facility, configured to receive the liquid hydrogen in the fuel tank and to be driven using the liquid hydrogen.   
     
     
         6 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein
 the liquid pumping and transportation module comprises a high-pressure liquid pump, a fourth pipe line, and a fifth pipe line,   the high-pressure liquid pump is individually connected to the fourth pipe line and the fifth pipe line, and communicates with a main storage tank of the main storage module via the fourth pipe line and the fifth pipe line,   the fourth pipe line is formed of a double insulative vacuum pipe in order to prevent heat exchange between the liquid hydrogen and an atmosphere,   the fifth pipe line is formed of a double insulative vacuum pipe in order to prevent heat exchange between the second gaseous hydrogen and the atmosphere, and   the liquid hydrogen has an absolute temperature of 20K (=−253° C.) and a pressure of 5 bar.   
     
     
         7 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 6 , wherein the fourth pipe line is fixed to one side of the main storage tank of the main storage module, communicates with the main storage tank, connects the main storage tank and the high-pressure liquid pump to each other, receives the liquid hydrogen from one side of the main storage tank, and injects the liquid hydrogen into the high-pressure liquid pump. 
     
     
         8 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 6 , wherein
 the high-pressure liquid pump receives the liquid hydrogen from the main storage tank of the main storage module through the fourth pipe line, pumps the liquid hydrogen to generate the pumped liquid hydrogen and the second gaseous hydrogen, and delivers the pumped liquid hydrogen and the second gaseous hydrogen to the gas conversion and transportation module and the fifth pipe line, respectively, and   the pumped liquid hydrogen has a pressure of 500 bar or higher.   
     
     
         9 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 6 , wherein the fifth pipe line is fixed to the other side of the main storage tank of the main storage module, communicates with the main storage tank, connects the main storage tank and the high-pressure liquid pump to each other, receives the second gaseous hydrogen from the high-pressure liquid pump, and injects the second gaseous hydrogen into the main storage tank. 
     
     
         10 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein
 the gas compression and storage module comprises a compressor, a buffer storage tank, a sixth pipe line, and a seventh pipe line,   the compressor and the buffer storage tank are connected to each other via the sixth pipe line and the seventh pipe line, and communicate with the main storage tank of the main storage module, and   each of the sixth pipe line and the seventh pipe line is formed of a single pipe.   
     
     
         11 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 10 , wherein the sixth pipe line is fixed to the main storage tank, communicates with the main storage tank, is located between the main storage tank and the compressor, receives the at least one gaseous hydrogen from the main storage tank, and injects the at least one gaseous hydrogen into the compressor. 
     
     
         12 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 10 , wherein
 the compressor receives the at least one gaseous hydrogen from the sixth pipe line, compresses the at least one gaseous hydrogen to generate the compressed gaseous hydrogen, and supplies the compressed gaseous hydrogen to the seventh pipe line, and   the compressed gaseous hydrogen has density, pressure, and heat higher than density, pressure, and heat of the at least one gaseous hydrogen, respectively.   
     
     
         13 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 10 , wherein
 the seventh pipe line connects the compressor and the buffer storage tank to each other on the seventh pipe line, has a plurality of buffer storage tanks located on the seventh pipe line so as to be connected to each other in parallel, receives the compressed gaseous hydrogen from the compressor, and injects the compressed gaseous hydrogen into the buffer storage tanks, and   the compressed gaseous hydrogen has a pressure of 500 bar or higher.   
     
     
         14 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein
 the gas conversion and transportation module comprises a thermal absorber, a radiator, an eighth pipe line, a ninth pipe line, and a tenth pipe line,   each of the eighth pipe line, the ninth pipe line, and the tenth pipe line is formed of a single pipe,   the eighth pipe line is connected to a high-pressure liquid pump of the liquid pumping and transportation module, and extends toward the tenth pipe line via the thermal absorber,   the ninth pipe line is connected to a buffer storage tank of the gas compression and storage module, and extends toward the tenth pipe line via the radiator, and   the tenth pipe line is connected to the eighth pipe line and the ninth pipe line around the thermal absorber and the radiator.   
     
     
         15 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 14 , wherein
 the eighth pipe line receives the pumped liquid hydrogen from the high-pressure liquid pump of the liquid pumping and transportation module, and injects the pumped liquid hydrogen into the thermal absorber, and   the eighth pipe line receives heat from the thermal absorber to phase-change the pumped liquid hydrogen into the gaseous hydrogen filling gas, and delivers the gaseous hydrogen filling gas to the tenth pipe line.   
     
     
         16 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 14 , wherein the thermal absorber surrounds the eighth pipe line, communicates with the radiator, receives heat from the radiator and an atmosphere, and delivers the heat to the eighth pipe line. 
     
     
         17 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 14 , wherein the ninth pipe line receives the compressed gaseous hydrogen from the buffer storage tank of the gas compression and storage module, injects the compressed gaseous hydrogen into the radiator, delivers heat of the compressed gaseous hydrogen to the radiator to convert the compressed gaseous hydrogen into gaseous hydrogen filling gas, and delivers the gaseous hydrogen filling gas to the tenth pipe line. 
     
     
         18 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 14 , wherein the radiator surrounds the ninth pipe line, communicates with the thermal absorber, and delivers heat of the compressed gaseous hydrogen from the ninth pipe line to the thermal absorber during rotation of a blowing fan of the radiator. 
     
     
         19 . The mobile gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling apparatus according to  claim 14 , wherein
 the tenth pipe line receives the gaseous hydrogen filling gas from the eighth pipe line or the ninth pipe line, and injects the gaseous hydrogen filling gas into the gaseous hydrogen storage and filling tank of the hydrogen gas filling station,   a plurality of gaseous hydrogen storage and filling tanks or a plurality of liquid hydrogen storage and filling tanks is located under a ground or on the ground at the hydrogen gas filling station, and   the gaseous hydrogen filling gas has a pressure of 500 bar or higher.