Mine exploitation, separation, filling and treatment exploitation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a mine exploitation, separation, filling and treatment exploitation method, including main sources of gangue on a small-volume gangue exploitation working face and gangue reducing measures; system layout, equipment and separation technology for coal gangue separation; system layout, equipment and production technology for filling synergistic caving type coal efficient stoping; pretreatment and pre-control measures for environmental influence before and after gangue filling; and design principle and design steps of the mine “exploitation, separation, filling and treatment” exploitation method. The method not only solves the problem of long-distance transportation of gangue, reduces the lifting cost of underground gangue and relieves the pressure of mine auxiliary lifting and ground coal washing plants, but also may effectively treat coal mine gangue, reduce the surface stacking area of coal gangue, reduce the damage to the ecological environment of a mine and protect an ecological environment. Furthermore, a gangue filling and coal efficient stope face has high single production efficiency, may meet the requirements of modern mines for production capacity, and application prospects are wide.

1 . A mine exploitation, separation, filling and treatment exploitation method, comprising the following steps:
 step 1: determining main sources of gangue on a designed stope face according to a geological condition and an occurrence feature of a coal seam;   step 2: selecting a corresponding measure for reducing a gangue content in a coal exploitation according to the main sources of the gangue on the designed stope face, and arranging a small-volume gangue exploitation working face;   step 3: arranging an underwell coal gangue separation system, performing an equipment selection on the coal gangue separation system, and performing a coal gangue separation on a raw coal produced by the small-volume gangue exploitation working face;   step 4: conveying a separated gangue to an underground gangue bin by a gangue conveying belt, then, conveying the separated gangue to a gangue filling and coal efficient stope face from the underground gangue bin by the gangue conveying belt to perform a filling treatment, and arranging a filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face; and   step 5: according to a volume of the gangue separated by the coal gangue separation system, designing a length of a filling section of the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face, arranging a filling section stope face, and performing an equipment selection and matching; according to a mine production capacity, designing a length of a caving section of the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face, arranging a caving section stope face, and performing an equipment selection and matching; and arranging a transition section of the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face between the filling section and the caving section, arranging a transition section stope face, and performing an equipment selection and matching.   
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the main sources of the gangue in the step 1 comprise: a gangue in a fully mechanized caving mining drawing technology, a dirt band in a coal seam, a gangue caved from a working face stope roof, and a gangue exploited by a coal face due to change in the geological condition; and
 measures taken for reducing the gangue content in the coal exploitation according to different gangue sources are as follows:   a. for the gangue in the fully mechanized caving mining drawing technology, the gangue content in a fully mechanized caving mining is reduced by firstly detecting a top coal thickness distribution to grasp top coal thickness change and then changing a drawing interval and a drawing mode according to different top coal thicknesses;   b. for the dirt band in the coal seam, the gangue content of the coal seam with the dirt band is reduced by a layer mining mode;   c. for the gangue caved from the working face stope roof, the gangue caved from the working face stope roof is reduced by a timely support and an increase of support strength;   d. for a gangue cut by a bottom plate of a fully mechanized coal face, the gangue cut by the bottom plate of the fully mechanized coal face is reduced by changing a height of a drum of a coal cutter and applying an anti-dumping measure for the coal cutter; and   e. for the gangue exploited by the coal face due to change in the geological condition, the gangue content is reduced by firstly detecting and analyzing a degree of change in the geological conditions and then adopting measures of bypassing, working face moving and coal mining equipment parameter adjusting.   
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face means that a comprehensive mechanized solid filling coal mining section and a traditional comprehensive mechanized coal mining section are simultaneously arranged on one working face, and a specific technology is as follows:
 a. coal mining technology: three different types of supports are arranged on a working face of a gangue filling and coal efficient stope system, wherein the support arranged on the filling section is a filling coal mining hydraulic support, the support arranged on the transition section is a filling coal mining hydraulic support with a side guard plate, and the support arranged on the caving section is a traditional fully mechanized mining hydraulic support; the three supports are designed to have the same unit advance and share a coal cutter and a scraper conveyer, and coal at an exploitation site is conveyed to the coal gangue separation system by a belt conveyer for separation; and   b. filling technology: underground washed gangue is conveyed from the gangue bin to a porous bottom-dump conveyer of the filling section through a feeder, a gangue transport rubber belt conveyer and a self-moving type transfer machine sequentially, and discharge holes suspended on the porous bottom-dump scraper conveyer at a rear part of the gangue filling section are opened according to a certain order to enable the gangue to naturally fall to a goaf.   
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein in the step 5, before filling the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face, environmental disaster evaluation of the gangue is required, and if the gangue causes pollution to an underground environment, the separated gangue needs to be pretreated to reduce a secondary pollution of the gangue, specific measures comprising:
 a. gangue soaking pretreatment: the separated gangue is soaked in water for pretreatment for several days, so that a reaction of heavy metal ions on a surface of the gangue tends to end; and   b. gangue microorganism modification: heavy metal reaction and migration on the surface of the gangue are inhibited by adopting a microorganism culture mode, thereby preventing the secondary pollution to a groundwater environment and soil.   
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein in the step 5, after filling the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face, a goaf is monitored in real time, and if heavy metal ions are precipitated, pre-control measures are required, specifically comprising:
 a. paving of an anti-leakage layer on a bottom plate: a dense material is adopted to pave a floor to inhibit leakage of the heavy metal ions; and   b. a grouting treatment on the bottom plate: a crack of the bottom plate is subjected to the grouting treatment to inhibit infiltration of the heavy metal ions.   
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein a coal gangue separation method in the step 3 is an underground movable sieve jigging separation method which is specifically as follows:
 underground coal gangue enters a sieving machine, slack coal of which the particle size is less than a set particle size is conveyed to a coal bin directly through a slack coal conveying belt, raw coal of which the particle size is greater than the set particle size falls into a coal gangue separation, feeding and conveying belt machine through a raw coal chute, the raw coal with a large particle size is conveyed to a crushing machine by the coal gangue separation, feeding and conveying belt machine through a feeding chute so as to be crushed, and then, the crushed raw coal is conveyed to a movable sieve jigging separation machine to separate gangue from clean coal.   
     
     
         7 . The method according to any one of  claim 1 , wherein a length of the transition section of the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face is generally equal to a length of 4 to 9 hydraulic supports. 
     
     
         8 . The method according to any one of  claim 2 , wherein a length of the transition section of the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face is generally equal to a length of 4 to 9 hydraulic supports. 
     
     
         9 . The method according to any one of  claim 3 , wherein a length of the transition section of the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face is generally equal to a length of 4 to 9 hydraulic supports. 
     
     
         10 . The method according to any one of  claim 4 , wherein a length of the transition section of the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face is generally equal to a length of 4 to 9 hydraulic supports. 
     
     
         11 . The method according to any one of  claim 5 , wherein a length of the transition section of the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face is generally equal to a length of 4 to 9 hydraulic supports. 
     
     
         12 . The method according to any one of  claim 6 , wherein a length of the transition section of the filling synergistic caving type fully mechanized coal face is generally equal to a length of 4 to 9 hydraulic supports.