Anti-fouling and specific binding surface, dispersions comprising particles having such surfaces, and methods of making these

Abstract

Disclosed are anti-fouling and optionally specific binding surfaces, methods for forming anti-fouling and optionally specific binding surfaces, and molecules that may be useful for forming anti-fouling and optionally specific binding surfaces. The surfaces may be formed by employing a molecule comprising a poly(2-oxazoline) having functional groups. In an embodiment, the poly(2-oxazoline) comprises a carboxyl endgroup, an amine endgroup, an N- hydroxysuccinimide endgroup, an oxirane endgroup, an oxetane endgroup, or an isocyanate endgroup, which may enable attachment of a specific binding moiety to the poly(2-oxazoline). In an embodiment, the poly(2-oxazoline) molecule comprises a (meth)acrylate functionality that may allow for attachment to a surface comprising a moiety capable of nucleophilic conjugate addition.

1 - 18 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . A dispersion comprising particles, the surface of the particles comprising a compound according to formula (3): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein n is from 2 to 200; R is H or CH 3 ; R 1  comprises a carboxyl endgroup, an amine endgroup, an N-hydroxysuccinimide endgroup, an oxirane endgroup, an oxetane endgroup, an isocyanate endgroup, a tent-butyl carbamate endgroup, a benzyl carbamate endgroup, a phthalimide endgroup, a p-toluenesulfonamide endgroup, a 9-fluorenylmethyl carbamate endgroup, a methyl ester endgroup, a t-butyl ester endgroup, a benzyl ester endgroup, a S-t-butyl ester endgroup, or comprises a specific binding moiety; R 2  is CH 3  or CH 2 CH 3 ; L is an optional linking group; Y is NH, O, or S; Z is NH, O, or S; and X represents the surface of a particle or a group attached to the surface of a particle. 
       
     
     
         22 . The dispersion according to  claim 21 , wherein the particles are magnetic particles. 
     
     
         23 . The dispersion according to  claim 21 , wherein the number average molecular weight of the compound according to formula (3), not including the surface of the particle or the group attached to the surface of a particle, is from 500 g/mol to 5,000 g/mol. 
     
     
         24 . The dispersion according to  claim 22 , wherein the number average molecular weight of the compound according to formula (3), not including the surface of the particle or the group attached to the surface of a particle, is from 500 g/mol to 5,000 g/mol. 
     
     
         25 . The dispersion according to  claim 21 , wherein R 1  comprises a carboxyl endgroup, an amine endgroup, an N-hydroxysuccinimide endgroup, an oxirane endgroup, an oxetane endgroup, or an isocyanate endgroup. 
     
     
         26 . The dispersion according to  claim 21 , wherein R 1  comprises a specific binding moiety that has at least one specific binding group, which specific binding group is a functional group capable of binding a desired species or molecule. 
     
     
         27 . The dispersion according to  claim 26 , wherein the desired species or molecule is a cell, an antibody, an aptamer, a receptor, a hormone, an enzyme, an oligonucleotide or polynucleotide, synthetic compounds such as drugs or imaging agents, an antigen, a peptide, a fatty acid, a protein, or a characteristic component of bacteria. 
     
     
         28 . The dispersion according to  claim 26 , wherein the specific binding group is an antibody, a binding fragment of an antibody, a receptor, a ligand of a receptor, a hormone, a receptor of a hormone, an enzyme, a substrate of an enzyme, a single stranded oligonucleotide, a double stranded oligonucleotide, a single stranded polynucleotide, a double stranded polynucleotide, an antigen, a peptide, a protein, biotin, streptavidin, avidin, neutravidin, or a derivative thereof. 
     
     
         29 . The dispersion according to  claim 26 , wherein the specific binding group comprises an adhesive peptide fragment. 
     
     
         30 . The dispersion according to  claim 22 , wherein R 1  comprises a specific binding moiety that has at least one specific binding group, which specific binding group is a functional group capable of binding a desired species or molecule. 
     
     
         31 . The dispersion according to  claim 30 , wherein the desired species or molecule is a cell, an antibody, an aptamer, a receptor, a hormone, an enzyme, an oligonucleotide or polynucleotide, synthetic compounds such as drugs or imaging agents, an antigen, a peptide, a fatty acid, a protein, or a characteristic component of bacteria. 
     
     
         32 . The dispersion according to  claim 30 , wherein the specific binding group is an antibody, a binding fragment of an antibody, a receptor, a ligand of a receptor, a hormone, a receptor of a hormone, an enzyme, a substrate of an enzyme, a single stranded oligonucleotide, a double stranded oligonucleotide, a single stranded polynucleotide, a double stranded polynucleotide, an antigen, a peptide, a protein, biotin, streptavidin, avidin, neutravidin, or a derivative thereof. 
     
     
         33 . The dispersion according to  claim 30 , wherein the specific binding group comprises an adhesive peptide fragment. 
     
     
         34 . The dispersion according to  claim 21 , wherein the mean particle diameter of the particle is from 1 nm to 10 μm. 
     
     
         35 . The dispersion according to  claim 30 , wherein the mean particle diameter of the particle is from 1 nm to 10 μm. 
     
     
         36 . A sensor comprising the dispersion according to  claim 21 . 
     
     
         37 . A sensor comprising the dispersion according to  claim 35 . 
     
     
         38 . A medical diagnostic device comprising the sensor according to  claim 36 . 
     
     
         39 . A tissue culture matrix comprising the dispersion according to  claim 22 . 
     
     
         40 . A method comprising the steps of:
 a. providing a surface comprising a compound according to formula (3)   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein n is from 2 to 200; R is H or CH 3 , R 1  comprises a carboxyl endgroup, an amine endgroup, an N-hydroxysuccinimide endgroup, an oxirane endgroup, an oxetane endgroup, or an isocyanate endgroup; R 2  is CH 3  or CH 2 CH 3 ; L is an optional linking group; Y is NH, O, or S; Z is NH, O, or S; and X represents the surface of a magnetic particle or a group attached to the surface of a magnetic particle, and 
         b. attaching a specific binding moiety to the compound according to formula (3) via the carboxyl, amine, N-hydroxysuccinimide, oxirane, oxetane, or isocyanate endgroup.