Capacitors, electrodes, reduced graphene oxide and methods and apparatuses of manufacture

Abstract

A method, including irradiating graphene oxide (GO) with a beam of light or radiation to form reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in a three-dimensional (3D) pattern, wherein the RGO is porous RGO with pores having sizes tuned by controlling the beam of light or radiation.

1 .- 56 . (canceled) 
     
     
         57 . A method of forming cross-linked reduced graphene oxide including:
 irradiating graphene oxide (GO) in a graphene oxide solution containing cross-linker, with a beam of light or radiation wherein the irradiation cross-links and reduces the GO.   
     
     
         58 . The method according to claim  1 , further including:
 focusing the beam of light or radiation to a point on or approximate to the surface of the GO solution.   
     
     
         59 . The method according to claim  1 , further including:
 adding cross-linkers to the GO solution.   
     
     
         60 . The method according to claim  1 , further including:
 oxidising graphite to form oxidised graphite; and   exfoliating the oxidised graphite in a solvent to form the GO solution.   
     
     
         61 . The method according to claim  1 , further including:
 submerging a substrate in the GO solution to receive the formed RGO.   
     
     
         62 . The method according to claim  1 , further including:
 providing a substrate in the graphene oxide solution to receive the reduced graphene oxide; and moving the substrate down relative to the surface of the graphene oxide solution to fabricate a 3D pattern of reduced graphene oxide.   
     
     
         63 . The method according to claim  1 , including moving the GO relative to the beam in a pattern with an anode and a cathode that are intertwined. 
     
     
         64 . The method according to claim  1 , wherein the beam of light or radiation includes a continuous-wave (CW) laser beam or a pulsed laser beam. 
     
     
         65 . The method according to claim  1 , wherein the beam of light or radiation includes a femtosecond laser. 
     
     
         66 . The method according to claim  1 , further comprising forming the cross-linked reduced graphene oxide into an electrode.