Shoulder arthroplasty instrumentation

Abstract

Patient specific shoulder component implant instruments are described for hemi and total, normal and reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A set of patient specific surgical instruments for positioning a glenoid component and a humeral component of a shoulder implant, the set of patient specific surgical instruments comprising:
 a glenoid instrument body fabricated specifically to have a patient derived surface computed from image data of a diseased native glenoid articular joint surface of the patient thereby creating a negative surface such that the glenoid instrument body has a surface that approximately matches and conforms to the diseased native glenoid articular joint surface,   the glenoid instrument body having one or more apertures passing from an upper surface to the patient derived surface, at least one of the one or more apertures provided in a pre-surgical planned position within the glenoid instrument body to form an aperture to accept and orient tools used to prepare the diseased native glenoid articular surface for the implantation of a prosthetic joint component;   an index feature projecting from the glenoid instrument body fabricated specifically to have a patient derived surface for engaging a portion of a shoulder anatomy of the patient to position and locate the glenoid instrument body patient derived surface on the diseased native glenoid joint anatomy;   a humeral instrument body fabricated specifically to have a patient derived surface computed from image data of a diseased native humeral head surface of the patient thereby creating a negative surface such that the humeral instrument body has a patient specific conformal inner surface that approximately matches and conforms to the diseased native humeral head articular joint surface;   the humeral instrument body having one or more apertures passing from an upper surface to the patient derived surface;   at least one guide surface feature extending from the humeral instrument body that is patient specific and off the articulating surface of the joint anatomy; and   a saw guiding slot in a block feature of the humeral instrument body.   
     
     
         2 . The patient specific surgical instrument of  claim 1 , wherein the shoulder arthroplasty is a total or a reverse shoulder arthroplasty. 
     
     
         3 . The patient specific surgical instrument of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more apertures includes at least one cutting guide through the instrument body to locate and direct cutting tools for aligning a portion of the glenoid component for use in shoulder arthroplasty. 
     
     
         4 . The patient specific surgical instrument of  claim 3 , wherein the portion of the glenoid component corresponds to a keel or a peg component. 
     
     
         5 . The patient specific surgical instrument of  claim 3 , wherein the patient derived surface of the instrument body and the index feature projecting from the instrument body correspond to a pre-operatively planned location such that when the patient specific surgical guide is engaged with the diseased native glenoid articular joint surface the at least one cutting guide has an orientation and location corresponding to the pre-operative surgical plan. 
     
     
         6 . The patient specific surgical instrument of  claim 5 , wherein the pre-operatively planned location corresponds to a glenoid component orientation of 1 degree of retroversion and 4 degrees of superior inclination. 
     
     
         7 . The patient specific surgical instrument of  claim 5 , wherein the pre-operatively planned orientation is less than or equal to 0° of version. 
     
     
         8 . The patient specific surgical instrument of  claim 1 , wherein the index feature has a surface corresponding to a negative of the portion of the shoulder anatomy of the patient. 
     
     
         9 . The patient specific surgical instrument of  claim 8 , wherein the portion of the shoulder anatomy is the anterior aspect of said glenoid joint surface of the patient. 
     
     
         10 . The patient specific surgical instrument of  claim 1 , wherein the patient derived surface of the instrument body and the index feature projecting from the instrument body correspond to a pre-operatively planned location and glenoid component orientation. 
     
     
         11 . The patient specific instrument of  claim 1 , wherein the orientation and location of the index feature locates the aperture in a pre-operatively planned location, corresponding to component orientation of 1 degree of retroversion and 4 degrees of superior inclination. 
     
     
         12 . The patient specific instrument of  claim 1 , wherein the orientation and location of the index feature when engaged with the native diseased glenoid locates the aperture in a pre-operatively planned location with respect to retroversion and inclination corresponding to a component orientation for a patient specific total shoulder arthroplasty procedure. 
     
     
         13 . The patient specific instrument of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more apertures has a rectangular shape and the tool is a cutting tool. 
     
     
         14 . The patient specific instrument of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more apertures has a circular shape and the tool is a wire. 
     
     
         15 . The patient specific instrument of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more apertures has a circular shape and the tool is a drill bit. 
     
     
         16 . The patient specific instrument of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more apertures has a slot shape to facilitate cutting a keel slot designed for the glenoid component. 
     
     
         17 . The patient specific instrument of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more apertures has a circular shape and the tool is a pin. 
     
     
         18 . The patient specific instrument of  claim 1 , wherein the orientation and location of the index feature when engaged with the native diseased glenoid locates the aperture in a pre-operatively planned location with respect to retroversion and inclination corresponding to a component orientation for a patent specific reverse shoulder arthroplasty procedure. 
     
     
         19 . The patient specific instrument of  claim 1  further comprising:
 a handle projecting from the instrument body.