US2021083311A1PendingUtilityA1
Quinone and hydroquinone based flow battery
Est. expirySep 26, 2033(~7.2 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Brian HuskinsonMichael MarshakMichael J. AzizRoy G. GordonAlan Aspuru-GuzikSuleyman ErChangwon SuhLiuchuan TongKaixiang Lin
Y02E60/10H01M 8/188H01M 10/0564Y02B90/10Y02E60/50H01M 50/77H01M 10/4214B29C 48/2528B29C 48/2886B29C 64/393H01M 2250/10
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Claims
Abstract
The invention provides an electro-chemical cell based on a new chemistry for a flow battery for large scale, e.g., gridscale, electrical energy storage. Electrical energy is stored chemically in quinone molecules having multiple oxidation states, e.g., three or more. During charging of the battery, the quinone molecules at one electrode are oxidized by emitting electrons and protons, and the quinone molecules at the other electrode are reduced by accepting electrons and protons. These reactions are reversed to deliver electrical energy. The invention also provides additional high and low potential quinones that are useful in rechargeable batteries.
Claims
exact text as granted — not AI-modifiedWhat is claimed is:
1 . A rechargeable battery comprising first and second electrodes, wherein in its charged state, the battery comprises an oxidized form of a quinone having three or more oxidation states dissolved or suspended in aqueous solution in contact with the first electrode and a reduced form of the quinone having three or more oxidation states dissolved or suspended in aqueous solution in contact with the second electrode, wherein during discharge the oxidized form of the quinone is reduced at the first electrode and the reduced form of the quinone is oxidized at the second electrode.
2 . The rechargeable battery of claim 1 , wherein the quinone is a water-soluble anthraquinone.
3 . The rechargeable battery of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the first and second electrodes are separated by an ion conducting barrier.
4 . The rechargeable battery of claim 3 , wherein the barrier is a porous physical barrier or a size exclusion barrier.
5 . The rechargeable battery of any of claims 1 - 4 , wherein the quinone is of the formula:
wherein each of R 1 -R 8 is independently selected from H, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, halo, hydroxy, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy, SO 3 H, amino, nitro, carboxyl, phosphoryl, phosphonyl, thiol, carboxyl, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl ester, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl thio, and oxo, or an ion thereof.
6 . The rechargeable battery of claim 1 , wherein the quinone is selected from the group consisting of:
or an ion thereof.
7 . The rechargeable battery of any of claims 1 - 5 , further comprising reservoirs for the oxidized and reduced forms of the quinone dissolved or suspended in aqueous solution and a mechanism to circulate the solutions.
8 . A rechargeable battery comprising first and second electrodes, wherein in its charged state, the battery comprises a first redox active species in contact with the first electrode and a second redox active species in contact with the second electrode, wherein the first redox active species is a quinone dissolved or suspended in aqueous solution and during discharge the quinone is reduced at the first electrode and/or the second redox active species is a hydroquinone dissolved or suspended in aqueous solution and during discharge the hydroquinone oxidized at the second electrode, wherein the quinone or hydroquinone in oxidized form is selected from a compound of formula (k), (n), or (t):
(k)
wherein each R is independently H, NH 2 , OH, PO 3 H 2 , or SO 3 H, but not all are H;
(n)
wherein each R is independently H, NH 2 or OH, but not all are H;
(t)
wherein each R is independently H, NH 2 or OH, but not all are H.
9 . A rechargeable battery comprising first and second electrodes, wherein in its charged state, the battery comprises a first redox active species in contact with the first electrode and a second redox active species in contact with the second electrode, wherein the first redox active species is a quinone selected from Table 2 dissolved or suspended in aqueous solution and during discharge the quinone is reduced at the first electrode and/or the second redox active species is a hydroquinone derived from a quinone selected from Table 1 dissolved or suspended in aqueous solution and during discharge the hydroquinone oxidized at the second electrode,
TABLE 1
Position of
R-group
substituted
ID
Class
substituted
R-group
1
9,10-AQ
OH
Full
2
1,5-AQ
OH
Full
3
1,10-AQ
OH
Full
4
1,4-AQ
OH
Full
5
2,3-AQ
OH
Full
6
9,10-AQ
NH 2
Full
7
1,4-AQ
NH 2
Full
8
1,10-AQ
NH 2
Full
9
2,9-AQ
NH 2
Full
10
1,5-AQ
NH
Full
11
2,6-AQ
NH 2
Full
12
1,7-AQ
NH 2
Full
13
2,9-AQ
OH
Full
14
1,5-NQ
NH 2
Full
15
1,4-NQ
NH 2
Full
16
2,6-NQ
NH 2
Full
17
1,7-NQ
NH 2
Full
18
1,10-AQ
PO 3 H 2
Full
19
1,2-AQ
OH
Full
20
2,6-AQ
OH
Full
21
1,7-AQ
OH
Full
22
1,4-NQ
OH
Full
23
1,7-NQ
OH
Full
24
1,2-AQ
NH 2
Full
25
2,9-AQ
PO 3 H 2
Full
26
1,2-NQ
OH
Full
27
2,9-AQ
SOH
Full
28
9,10-AQ
SO 3 H
Full
29
2,3-AQ
PO 3 H 2
Full
30
1,2-NQ
NH
Full
31
9,10-AQ
COOH
Full
or an ion thereof, wherein AQ is anthraquinone, and NQ is naphthoquinone
TABLE 2
Position of
R-group
substituted
ID
Class
substituted
R-group
1
2,3-AQ
SO 3 H
R4
2
1,4-B Q
PO 3 H 2
Full
3
2,3-NQ
PO 3 H 2
R6
4
1,5-AQ
PO 3 H 2
Full
5
2,3-NQ
SO 3 H
Full
6
2,3-AQ
NH 2
R5
7
2,3-AQ
SH
R6
8
2,6-AQ
COOCH 3
Full
9
2,3-AQ
PO 3 H 2
R4
10
2,3-AQ
OH
R10
11
2,6-NQ
COOH
Full
12
2,3-NQ
PO 3 H 2
R5
13
1,2-B0
COOH
Full
14
2,3-AQ
OH
R5
15
1,7-AQ
SO 3 H
Full
16
2,3-AQ
SO 3 H
R5
17
2,3-AQ
PO 3 H 2
R6
18
2,6-AQ
COOH
Full
19
1,5-NQ
SO 3 H
Full
20
2,3-AQ
PO 3 H 2
R5
21
1,7-NQ
COOH
Full
22
1,2-BQ
PO 3 H 2
Full
23
2,6-AQ
SO 3 H
Full
24
2,3-AQ
PO 3 H 2
R10
25
2,3-NQ
COOH
Full
26
1,4-BQ
SO 3 H
Full
27
2,6-AQ
CHO
Full
28
1,5-AQ
SO 3 H
Full
or an ion thereof, wherein BQ is benzoquinone, AQ is anthraquinone, and NQ is naphthoquinone.
10 . The rechargeable battery of claim 8 or 9 , wherein the first and second electrodes are separated by an ion conducting barrier.
11 . The rechargeable battery of claim 10 , wherein the barrier is a porous physical barrier or a size exclusion barrier.
12 . The rechargeable battery of any of claims 8 - 11 , further comprising a reservoir for the quinone and/or hydroquinone dissolved or suspended in aqueous solution and a mechanism to circulate the quinone and/or hydroquinone.
13 . A method for storing electrical energy comprising applying a voltage across the first and second electrodes and charging a battery of any one of claims 1 - 12 .
14 . A method for providing electrical energy by connecting a load to the first and second electrodes and allowing a battery of any one of claims 1 - 12 to discharge.Join the waitlist — get patent alerts
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